Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-wbk2r Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-08T19:48:17.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The status of tick infestation of livestock and tick control methods in Kenya

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

J. P. O. Wamukoya
J. P. O. Wamukoya
Affiliation:
Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock Development, Kilimo House, P. O. Box 34188, Nairobi, Kenya
Get access

Abstract

In Kenya, there are at least seven distinct tick-borne diseases (the ileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, heartwater, Nairobi sheep disease, sweating sickness and erhlichiosis in dogs). Theileriosis causes major economic losses arising from deaths of infected cattle.

Control of these diseases is almost exclusively by the application of chemical acaricides to cattle. Use of acaricides is regulated and only those passing field tests are permitted to be marketed in Kenya. Field trials on immunization against East Coast fever (ECF) by infection and treatment are still continuing. Chemotherapy treatment is also available but quite expensive.

The Veterinary Department continuously evaluates acaricides which have been documented to have activity against ticks. These acaricides have been grouped into four groups ranging from organophosphorus compounds in Group I to synthetic pyrethroids in Group IV. To-date Groups III and IV acaricides are kept as reserve, although amitraz in Group III can be used on a limited scale on privately owned farms.

Résumé

Il y a au Kenya au moins sept maladies transmettent par les tiques (cowdriosis, theileriosis, anaplasmose, babesiose, Nairobi sheep disease, erhlichiose canine). La theileriose cause des pertes économiques majeurs due à la mort du bétail infecté. Le contrôle des maladies est à peu près exclusivement fait par l'application des acaricides chimiques, sur le bétail. L'usage des acaricides est réglé et sauf les acaricides qui ont passé les tests sur le terrain sont authoriser d'être mis en vente au Kenya. Des essais sur le terrain sur l'immunisation contre la fièvre de la vallée du Rift (ECF) par infection et traitement sont toujours pour suivis. Le terrain ont chémiotherapique est aussi disponibles mais coûte relativement cher. Le service vétérinaire évalué d'une façon continue les acaricides ayant une activité, contre les tiques — les acaricides furent groupe dans 4 groupes allant des composées organo phosphore dans le groupe 1 au pyrethroids synthétiques dans le group IV. Jusqu' à ce jour, les acaricides de groupe III et IV sont réservés bien que amitrat appartenant au groupe III peuvent être utiliser à une échelle limitée dans des fermes privées.

Keywords

Tick infestationlivestockEast Coast fevertick controlacaricides
Type
Field Situation Reports
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 13 , Special Issue 4: Status and Recent Advances in Tick Management in Africa , August 1992 , pp. 665 - 670
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anonymous (1987) Livestock Research Component of the National Agriculture Research Project. Ministry of Livestock Development, Nairobi, Kenya, p. 164.Google Scholar
Burnet (1961) The control of ticks on livestock. FAO Agricultural Series No. 54. p. 115.Google Scholar
Davies, F. G. (1978a) A survey of Nairobi sheep disease in sheep and goats. wild ruminants and rodents within Kenya. J. Hyg. Cambridge 81, 251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, F. G. (1978b) Nairobi sheep disease in Kenya. The isolation of virus from sheep and goats, ticks and possible hosts. J. Hyg. Cambridge 81, 259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dolan, T. T. (1981) Progress in the chemotherapy of theileriosis. In Advances in the Control of Theileriosis (Edited by Irvin, A. D., Cunningham, M. P. and Young, A. S.), pp. 186–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muriithi, I. E. (1984) Proceedings of the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. First Scientific conference on advancing agricultural production in Africa, p. 226.Google Scholar
Musisi, F. L. (1990) Methods currently used for the control of East Coast fever: Their validity and proposals for future control strategies. Parasitigai. 32, 15–22.Google ScholarPubMed
Ong'are, J. O. (1982) An analysis of the tick control project as a method for East Coast fever control in Kiambu. MSc. Thesis, University of Nairobi.Google Scholar
Pratt, D. J., Greenway, S. and Gwynne, M. D. (1966) A classification of East African rangeland with an appendix on terminology. J. Appl. Ecol. 3, 369–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, D. J. and Gwynne, M. D. (1977) Rangeland Management and Ecology in East Africa. London, Hodder Stoughton p. 310.Google Scholar
Radley, D. E. (1981) Infection and treatment method of immunization against theileriosis. In Advances in the Control of Theileriosis (Edited by Irvin, A. D., Cunningham, M. P. and Young, A. S.), pp. 227–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rinkanya, F. G. R. (1986) New tick laboratories at Veterinary Research Laboratory, Kabete. Kenya Vet. 10, 26.Google Scholar
Rinkanya, F. G. R. and Tatchell, R. J. (1988) Evaluation of the efficacy of different pour-on formulations against cattle ticks in Kenya. Trop. Pest Manage. 34, 324–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rinkanya, F. G. R., Kiniiya, H. S. N. and Muraguri, G. (1992) Evaluation of the efficacy of Ectopor pour-on against ticks infecting camels in Kenya. Trop. Pest Manage. 38 (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tatchell, R. J., Chimwani, D., Chirchir, S. J., Ong'are, J. O., Mwangi, E. and Rinkanya, F. G. R. (1986) Study of the justification for intensive tick control in Kenyan rangelands. Vet. Record, pp. 401–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed