Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-zzh7m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T12:44:28.192Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Economic Policy and Class Structure in Syria: 1958–1980

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2009

Syed Aziz-al Ahsan
Affiliation:
Department of Political ScienceUniversity of BritishColumbia

Extract

It is indeed an interesting endeavor to investigate the impact of economic policies on social stratification. Doing so enables us to see to what extent economic policies bring changes in class structure in a society. We take the case of Syria to study its economic policies and their accompanying impact on the evolving pattern of the Syrian elite from the late 1950s to the early 1980s and then look at accompanying impact on class structure.

The two poles or aspects of this paper are (1) economic policies themselves and (2) their impact on class structure. The question that we are going to raise in the first pole is the following: what is the nature of the economic policies? This refers to land reforms, industrial and commercial reforms, and foreign trade controls.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

NOTES

Author's note: I express deep gratitude to Professor Paul Noble of the Department of Political Science, McGill University, for his constructive criticism of earlier drafts of this paper.

1 Keilany, Z., “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” Middle Eastern Studies (01 1973), p. 63.Google Scholar

2 Garzouzi, E., “Land Reform in Syria,” Middle East Journal (Winter-Spring 1963), p. 83.Google Scholar

4 Keilany, Z., “Land Reform in Syria,” Middle Eastern Studies (10 1980), p. 209.Google Scholar

5 Ibid., p. 210.

6 Garzouzi, , “Land Reform in Syria,” p. 85.Google Scholar

8 Petran, T., Syria (London: Ernest Benn, 1972), p. 136.Google Scholar

9 Ibid., p. 137.

10 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” pp. 63 & 64.Google Scholar

11 Ibid., p. 64.

12 Petran, , Syria, p. 137.Google Scholar

13 Garzouzi, , “Land Reform in Syria,” p. 85.Google Scholar

14 Petran, , Syria. p. 136.Google Scholar

16 Ibid., p. 137.

17 Garzouzi, , “Land Reform in Syria,” p. 86.Google Scholar

18 Petran, , Syria, p. 136.Google Scholar

20 Ibid., p. 138.

21 Ibid., p. 139.

22 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” pp. 6566.Google Scholar

23 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” pp. 6566.Google Scholar

24 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” pp. 6566.Google Scholar

25 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” pp. 6566.Google Scholar

26 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” pp. 6566.Google Scholar

27 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” pp. 6566.Google Scholar

28 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” pp. 6566.Google Scholar

29 Petran, , Syria, p. 139.Google Scholar

31 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” p. 64.Google Scholar

32 Ibid., p. 66.

35 The Middle East and North Africa 1964–65 (a yearly Handbook) (London: Europa Publications, 1964) p. 544.Google Scholar

36 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” p. 64.Google Scholar

37 Rabinovich, I., Syria Under the Baath 1963–66 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1972) p. 139.Google Scholar

38 Petran, , Syria, p. 174.Google Scholar

39 Rabinovich, , Syria Under the Baath 1963–66, p. 141.Google Scholar

41 Petran, , Syria, p. 179.Google Scholar

42 Petran, , Syria, p. 179.Google Scholar

43 Petran, , Syria, p. 179.Google Scholar

44 Quarterly Economic Review – Syria, Lebanon, Jordan (henceforth; QER - S.L.J) (07 1965), p. 3.Google Scholar

45 Rabinovich, , Syria Under the Baath 1963–66, p. 141.Google Scholar

46 QER – S.L.J (12 1965), p. 3.Google Scholar

47 Petran, , Syria, p. 183.Google Scholar

48 Ibid., p. 206.

49 Springborg, R., “Baathism in Practice: Agriculture, Politics and Political Culture in Syria and Iraq,” Middle Eastern Studies (04 1981), pp. 197–98.Google Scholar

50 Springborg, R., “Baathism in Practice: Agriculture, Politics and Political Culture in Syria and Iraq,” Middle Eastern Studies (04 1981), pp. 197–98.Google Scholar

51 Springborg, R., “Baathism in Practice: Agriculture, Politics and Political Culture in Syria and Iraq,” Middle Eastern Studies (04 1981), pp. 197–98.Google Scholar

52 Springborg, R., “Baathism in Practice: Agriculture, Politics and Political Culture in Syria and Iraq,” Middle Eastern Studies (04 1981), pp. 197–98.Google Scholar

53 QER – S.L.J (03 1967), p. 6.Google Scholar

54 Keilany, , “Socialism and Economic Change in Syria,” p. 64.Google Scholar

55 QER – S.L.J (03 1967), p. 6.Google Scholar

56 Springborg, , “Baathism in Practice,” p. 199.Google Scholar

57 Keilany, Z., “Land Reform in Syria,” p. 216.Google Scholar

58 Petran, , Syria, p. 207.Google Scholar

59 Batatu, H., “Some Observations on the Social Roots of Syria's Ruling Military Group and the Causes for its Dominance,” Middle East Journal (Summer 1981), p. 332.Google Scholar

60 QER – S.L.J: 02 17, 1971, p. 4; 01 20, 1976, p. 4; 1979 Annual Supplement, p. 11.Google Scholar

61 QER – S.L.J: 02 17, 1971, p. 4; 01 20, 1976, p. 4; 1979 Annual Supplement, p. 11.Google Scholar

62 QER – S.L.J: 02 17, 1971, p. 4; 01 20, 1976, p. 4; 1979 Annual Supplement, p. 11.Google Scholar

63 QER – S.L.J: 02 20, 1970, pp. 3 & 403 2, 1972, p. 3; 06 7, 1974, p. 3.Google Scholar

64 QER – S.L.J: 02 20, 1970, pp. 3 & 403 2, 1972, p. 3; 06 7, 1974, p. 3.Google Scholar

65 QER – S.L.J: 02 20, 1970, pp. 3 & 403 2, 1972, p. 3; 06 7, 1974, p. 3.Google Scholar

66 Arab World Weekly (08 16, 1975), pp. 9 & 10.Google Scholar

67 Ibid., p. 10.

68 QER – S.L.J (10 30, 1978), p. 8.Google Scholar

69 The Middle East Reporter (10 10, 1981), p. 20.Google Scholar

71 Longuenesse, E., “The Class Nature of the State in Syria,” MERIP (05 1979), p. 7.Google Scholar

73 QER – S.L.J (02 17, 1971), p. 4.Google Scholar

74 Longuenesse, , “The Class Nature of the State in Syria,” p. 7.Google Scholar

75 The Middle East Reporter (10 10, 1981), p. 20.Google Scholar

76 QER – S.L.J: 02 20, 1970, p. 3; 03 2, 1972, p. 3.Google Scholar

77 QER – S.L.J: 02 20, 1970, p. 3; 03 2, 1972, p. 3.Google Scholar

78 QER – S.L.J: 06 7, 1974, p. 3; 04 17, 1975, p. 4.Google Scholar

79 QER – S.L.J: 06 7, 1974, p. 3; 04 17, 1975, p. 4.Google Scholar

80 QER – S.L.J: 1976 Annual Supplement, p. 4; 11 21, 1977, p. 3; 07 24, 1978, p. 12; 10 30, 1978, p. 8.Google Scholar

81 QER – S.L.J: 1976 Annual Supplement, p. 4; 11 21, 1977, p. 3; 07 24, 1978, p. 12; 10 30, 1978, p. 8.Google Scholar

82 QER – S.L.J: 1976 Annual Supplement, p. 4; 11 21, 1977, p. 3; 07 24, 1978, p. 12; 10 30, 1978, p. 8.Google Scholar

83 QER – S.L.J: 1976 Annual Supplement, p. 4; 11 21, 1977, p. 3; 07 24, 1978, p. 12; 10 30, 1978, p. 8.Google Scholar

84 QER – S.L.J: 04 30, 1979, p. 3Google Scholar; ibid., p. 10.

85 QER – S.L.J: 04 30, 1979, p. 3Google Scholar; ibid., p. 10.

86 Morgan, T., “The Wildmen Become a Nation,” New York Times (05 18, 1975), p. 84.Google Scholar

87 Mabro, R., The Egyptian Economy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974), p. 64.Google Scholar

88 Ibid., p. 65.

90 Ibid., p. 66.

91 O'Brien, P. K., The Revolution in Egypt's Economic System (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), pp. 130–31.Google Scholar

92 Mabro, , The Egyptian Economy, p. 130.Google Scholar

94 Brien, O', Revolution in Egypt's Economic System, p. 135.Google Scholar

95 Mabro, , The Egyptian Economy, p. 125.Google Scholar

96 Ibid., p. 131.

97 Brady, T. F., “For the Arab World, It's June in January,” New York Times (01 15, 1968), p. 72.Google Scholar

98 Drysdale, A., “The Syrian Political Elite, 1966–1976: A Spatial and Social Analysis,” Middle Eastern Studies (01 1981), p. 18.Google Scholar

99 Maoz, M., “Society and State in Modern Syria,” in Milson, M. (ed.) Society and Political Structure in the Arab World (New York: Humanities Press, 1973), p. 77.Google Scholar

100 Baker, R. W., Egypt's Uncertain Revolution Under Nasser and Sadat (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978), p. 156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

101 Ibid., p. 136.

102 Ibid., p. 144.

103 Idem.

104 Ibid., p. 145.

105 Idem.

106 Idem.

107 Idem.

108 Idem.