¹ The standard studies of hadīth literature are Goldziher's, IgnazMuslim Studies, 2 vols., trans. Stern, S. M. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co., 1966)Google Scholar and Schacht's, JosephThe Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1950).Google Scholar A more recent study of the subject has been made by Juynboll, G. H. A., Muslim Tradition: Studies in Chronology, Provenance and Authorship of Early Hadith (Cambridge: University Press, 1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

² Azmi's, M. M.Studies in Early Hadīth Literature (Beirut: al-Maktab al-lslami, 1968)Google Scholar is the most recent work which supports this view. Graham's, WilliamDivine Word and Prophetic Word in Early Islam: A Reconsideration of the Sources with Special Reference to the Divine Saying or Hadīth Qudsī (The Hague and Paris: Mouton, 1977) should also be consulted.CrossRefGoogle Scholar