Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-r5zm4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-24T18:18:17.821Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Doing The Right Thing (and Figuring Out What That Is)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2016

Barry M. Farr
Barry M. Farr*
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
*
bmf@virginia.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 27 , Issue 10 , October 2006 , pp. 999 - 1003
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2006

References

1. Klevens, R, Edwards, J, Tenover, F, McDonald, L, Horan, T, Gaynes, R. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Changes in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units in US hospitals, 1992-2003. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:389–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Abramson, MA, Sexton, DJ. Nosocomial methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus primary bacteremia: at what costs? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:408–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Cheng, AF, French, GL. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in Hong Kong. J Hosp Infect 1988; 12:91–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. Stone, PW, Larson, E, Kawar, LN. A systematic audit or economic evidence linking nosocomial infections and infection control interventions: 1990-2000. Am J Infect Control 2002; 30:145–152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Cosgrove, SE, Qi, Y, Kaye, KS, Harbarth, S, Karchmer, AW, Carmeli, Y. The impact of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia on patient outcomes: mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005; 26:166–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Reed, SD, Friedman, JY, Engemann, JJ, et al. Costs and outcomes among hemodialysis-dependent patients with methicillin-resistant or methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005; 26:175–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. McHugh, CG, Riley, LW. Risk factors and costs associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004; 25:425–430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Stosor, V, Peterson, L, Postelnick, M, Noskin, G. Enterococcus faecium bacteremia: does vancomycin resistance make a difference? Arch Intern Med 1998; 158:522–527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Cosgrove, SE, Sakoulas, G, Perencevich, EN, Schwaber, MJ, Karchmer, AW, Carmeli, Y. Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bactermia: a mclaneta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36:53–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Whitby, M, McLaws, ML, Berry, G. Risk of death from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: a meta-analysis. Med J Aust 2001; 175:264–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Salgado, CD, Farr, BM. Outcomes associated with vancomycin resistant enterococci: a meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003; 24:690–698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. Diaz Granados, CA, Zimmer, SM, Klein, M, Jernigan, JA. Comparison of mortality associated with vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible enterococcal bloodstream infections: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:327–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Shitrit, P, Gottesman, BS, Katzir, M, Kilman, A, Ben-Nissan, Y, Chowers, M. Active surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) decreases the incidence of MRSA bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:1004–1008 (in this issue).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Clancy, M, Graepler, A, Wilson, M, Douglas, I, Johnson, J, Price, C. Active screening in high-risk units is an effective and cost-avoidant method to reduce the rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:1009–1017 (in this issue).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Sommer, A. SARS: paradigm for an emerging pathogen in a global community. Paper presented at: 14th Annual Meeting of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Philadelphia, PA; April 17, 2004.Google Scholar
16. Seto, WH, Tsang, D, Yung, RW, et al., Advisors of Expert SARS Group of Hospital Authority. Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Lancet 2003; 361:1519–1520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Lipsitch, M, Cohen, T, Cooper, B, et al. Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Science 2003; 300:1966–1970.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Beck-Sague, CM, Dooley, SW, Hutton, MD, et al. Outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among persons with HIV infection in an urban hospital: transmission to staff and patients and control measures. JAMA 1992; 268:1280–1286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Muto, CA, Jernigan, JA, Ostrowksy, BE, et al. SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003; 24:362–386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Farr, BM. What to think if the results of the National Institutes of Health randomized trial of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus control measures are negative (and other advice to young epidemiologists): a review and an au revoirr. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:1096–1106 (in this issue).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Salgado, CD, Farr, BM. The importance of infection control in controlling antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. In: Jarvis, WR, ed. Bennett and Brach-man's Hospital Infections. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Philadelphia (in press).Google Scholar
22. Urth, T, Juul, G, Skov, R, Schonheyder, HC. Spread of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80-IV clone in a Danish community. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005; 26:144–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Dailey, L, Coombs, GW, O'Brien, FG, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Western Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:1584–1590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. West, TE, Guerry, C, Hiott, M, Morrow, N, Ward, K, Salgado, CD. Effect of targeted surveillance for control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a community hospital system. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:233–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Lucet, J, Chevret, S, Durand-Zaleski, I, Chastang Cregnier, B. Prevalence and risk factors for carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at admission to the intensive care unit. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:181–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Bjorholt, I, Haglind, E. Cost-savings achieved by eradication of epidemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA)–16 from a large teaching hospital. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:688–695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Vriens, M, Blok, H, Fluit, A, Troelstra, A, van der Werken, C, Verhoef, J. Costs associated with a strict policy to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Dutch University Medical Center: a 10-year survey. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 21:782–786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Karchmer, TB, Durbin, LJ, Simonton, BM, Farr, BM. Cost-effectiveness of active surveillance cultures and contact/droplet precautions for control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . J Hosp Infect 2002; 51:126–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Papia, G, Louie, M, Tralla, A, Johnson, C, Collins, V, Simor, AE. Screening high-risk patients for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on admission to the hospital: is it cost effective? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:473–477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Chaix, C, Durand-Zaleski, I, Alberti, C, Brun-Buisson, C. Control of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a cost-benefit analysis in an intensive care unit. JAMA 1999;282:1745–1751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Jernigan, JA, Clemence, MA, Stott, GA, et al. Control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at a university hospital: one decade later. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995; 16:686–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32. Muto, CA, Giannetta, ET, Durbin, LJ, Simonton, BM, Farr, BM. Cost-effectiveness of perirectal surveillance cultures for controlling vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002; 23:429–435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33. Montecalvo, MA, Jarvis, WR, Uman, J, et al. Costs and savings associated with infection control measures that reduced transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an endemic setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:437–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34. Bronstein, M, Kaye, K, Sexton, D. Gown utilization as a measure of cost of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening. In: Program and abstracts of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; April 6-9, 2002; Salt Lake City, UT. Abstract 47.Google Scholar
35. Calfee, DP, Farr, BM. Infection control and cost control in the era of managed care. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002; 23:407–410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36. Peterson, L. Lessons to be shared in successful reductions of infections. Paper presented at: Illinois Quality Leadership Conference—Focusing on Reducing and Eliminating Infections. Naperville, IL: Illinois Hospital Association and Metropolitan Chicago Healthcare Council; May 24, 2006.Google Scholar
37. Warren, DK, Guth, RM, Coopersmith, CM, Merz, LR, Zack, JE, Fraser, VJ. Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:1032–1040 (in this issue).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38. Girou, E, Pujade, G, Legrand, P, Cizeau, F, Brun-Buisson, C. Selective screening of carriers for control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in high-risk hospital areas with a high level of endemic MRSA. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27:543–550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39. Lucet, JC, Chevret, S, Durand-Zaleski, I, Chastang, C, Regnier, B, Multicenter Study Group. Prevalence and risk factors for carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at admission to the intensive care unit: results of a multicenter study. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:181–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40. Coello, R, Jimenez, J, Garcia, M, et al. Prospective study of infection, colonization and carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an outbreak affecting 990 patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 13:74–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41. Sanford, MD, Widmer, AF, Bale, MJ, Jones, RN, Wenzel, RP. Efficient detection and long-term persistence of the carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19:1123–1128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42. Lai, KK, Fontecchio, S, Melvin, Z, Baker, SP. Impact of alcohol-based, waterless hand antiseptic on the incidence of infection and colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006;27:1018–1024 (in this issue).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43. Boyce, JM, Pittet, D, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Association for Professionals in Infection Control, Infectious Diseases Society of America Hand Hygiene Task Force. Guideline for hand hygiene in healthcare settings: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. MMWR Recomm Rep 2002; 51(RR-16):1–56.Google ScholarPubMed
44. Muller, A, Denizot, V, Mouillet, S, et al. Lack of correlation between consumption of alcohol-based solutions and adherence to guidelines for hand hygiene. J Hosp Infect 2005; 59:163–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45. Muto, CA, Sistrom, MG, Farr, BM. Hand hygiene rates unaffected by installation of dispensers of a rapidly acting hand antiseptic. Am J Infect Control 2000; 28:273–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46. Bischoff, WE, Reynolds, TM, Hall, GO, Wenzel, RP, Edmond, MB. Molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a large urban hospital over a 5-year period. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:3912–3916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47. Bischoff, WE, Reynolds, TM, Sessler, CN, Edmond, MB, Wenzel, RP. Handwashing compliance by health care workers: the impact of introducing an accessible, alcohol-based hand antiseptic. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:1017–1021.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48. Huang, S, Yokoe, D, Rego, V, et al. Impact of ICU surveillance for MRSA on bacteremia. In: Program and abstracts of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America; Oct 6-9, 2005; San Francisco, CA. Abstract 1074.Google Scholar
49. Pittet, D, Hugonnet, S, Harbarth, S, et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme [published correction appears in Lancet 2000; 356:2196]. Lancet 2000; 356:1307–1312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50. Harbarth, S, Martin, Y, Rohner, P, Henry, N, Auckenthaler, R, Pittet, D. Effect of delayed infection control measures on a hospital outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . J Hosp Infect 2000; 46:43–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51. Goldmann, D. System failure versus personal accountability—the case for clean hands. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:121–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52. Zachary, KC, Bayne, PS, Morrison, VJ, Ford, DS, Silver, LC, Hooper, DC. Contamination of gowns, gloves, and stethoscopes with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:560–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53. Boyce, J, Chenevert, C. Isolation gowns prevent health care workers (HCWs) from contaminating their clothing, and possibly their hands, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and resistant enterococci. In: Program and abstracts of the 8th Annual Meeting of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Orlando, FL; 1998. Abstract S74.Google Scholar
54. Tiemersma, EW, Bronzwaer, SL, Lyytikainen, O, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe, 1999-2002. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10:1627–1634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55. Boyce, JM, Cookson, B, Christiansen, K, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5:653–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar