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Cryptococcal Ventricular-Peritoneal Shunt Infection: Clinical and Epidemiological Evaluation of Two Closely Associated Cases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2016

Christopher W. Ingram ,
Hubert B. Haywood III ,
Vicki M. Morris ,
Robert L. Allen  and
John R. Perfect
Christopher W. Ingram*
Affiliation:
Raleigh Infectious Diseases Associates, Raleigh, North Carolina
Hubert B. Haywood III
Affiliation:
Raleigh Infectious Diseases Associates, Raleigh, North Carolina
Vicki M. Morris
Affiliation:
Raleigh Infectious Diseases Associates, Raleigh, North Carolina
Robert L. Allen
Affiliation:
Raleigh Neurosurgery Clinic, Raleigh, North Carolina
John R. Perfect
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
*
Raleigh Infectious Diseases Associates, PA, 2500 Blue Ridge Rd, #219 Raleigh, NC 27607
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Abstract

Objective:

To determine the cause of meningitis associated with Cryptococcus neoformans in two patients with recent ventricular-peritoneal (VP) shunt placement.

Design:

A retrospective review of materials, records, and concurrent cases of VP shunt procedures. Isolates of C neoformans from each patient were submitted for analysis by colony morphology, biochemical testing, and karyotyping by pulsed-field electrophoresis.

Setting:

Two 400-bed community hospitals.

Patients:

Two immunocompetent patients presented with symptoms of progressive hydrocephalus in August 1991. Each received a VP shunt on the same day by the same surgeon using materials from a common vendor and hospital.

Results:

Both patients presented within six to eight weeks with symptoms of fever, headache, rash, and cultures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that yielded C neoformans. Each patient recovered after therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine followed by several months of fluconazole, although one required replacement of the VP shunt for cure. Review of each patient's history and CSF characteristics at the time of shunt placement suggested re-activation of a pre-existing infection. Isolates of C neoformans from each patient were submitted for analysis by colony morphology, biochemical testing, and karyotyping by pulsed-field electrophoresis. Each isolate was found to be unique by chromosomal karyotyping.

Conclusions:

Our data and previous reports suggest that cryptococcal VP shunt infections appear to be a complication of shunts placed in previously infected persons rather than noso-transmission of cryptococcus during placement.

Type
Brief Report
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 14 , Issue 12 , December 1993 , pp. 719 - 722
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1993

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