In hospitals with 200 to 300 beds, hospital epidemiologists serve primarily as medical and epidemiology consultants to the infection control practitioners, as advocates for the infection control programs, and as chairpersons of the infection control committees. Because smaller hospitals often have limited resources for infection control, surveillance and control activities must focus on issues that have caused problems for the facility and on compliance with mandates and recommendations made by healthcare agencies. The clinical microbiology laboratory plays an important role in ongoing surveillance activities and often is responsible for performing cultures obtained during point prevalence culture surveys or outbreak investigations. Because laboratory support often is limited, the indications for obtaining a culture from patients, personnel, or the inanimate environment for infection control purposes must be reviewed and discussed carefully with the clinical laboratory in advance.