¹ Hogan, Peter E., The Catholic University of America, 1887–1896: The Rectorship of Thomas J. Conaty (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1949), 49Google Scholar; cited by O'Brien, David J. in “The Church and Higher Education,” Horizons 17 (1990): 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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³ This purpose is reflected in an emphasis on character formation, which was featured strongly in the literature of Catholic universities and colleges prior to the 1960s; see Gallin, Alice OSU, Negotiating Identity, Catholic Higher Education Since 1960 (Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 2000), 1.Google Scholar

⁴ Carey, Patrick W., “Catholic Theology in Historical Perspective,” in American Catholic Traditions, Resources for Renewal, ed. Mize, Sandra Yocum and Portier, William (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1996), 243–44.Google Scholar See also Gallin, , Negotiating Identity, 105.Google Scholar

⁵ Gallin, , Negotiating Identity, 21.Google Scholar

⁶ Congar, Yves, Lay People in the Church: A Study for a Theology of the Laity, trans. Attwater, Donald (Westminister, MD: Newman Press, 1959), 19–20Google Scholar; cited in Gallin, 21.

⁷ Carey, , “Catholic Theology in Historical Perspective,” 261.Google Scholar This shift is reflected in the society's decision to adopt “College Theology Society” as its name in 1967.

⁸ Address of his Holiness John Paul II to The Catholic University America, Washington, DC, Sunday, 7 October 1979, which was given six months after Sapientia Christiana (On Ecclesiastical Universities and Faculties) http://www.vatican.va/holy_ father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1979/october/documents/hf_jpii_spe_19791007_usa_ washington_univ-catt_en.html, (accessed 18 May 2009).

⁹ Gallin, 151.

¹⁰ Ibid., 161.

¹¹ Ex corde Ecclesiae (On Catholic Universities, August 15, 1990), in Catholic Identity in our Colleges and Universities, a Collection of Defining Documents (Washington, DC: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2006), 51–74.

¹² Morey, Melanie M. and Piderit, John J., SJ, Catholic Higher Education: A Culture in Crisis (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹³ Ibid., 62–63 and passim.

¹⁴ This statistic was compiled by the Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities in 2007 and is available at http://www.accunet.org/i4a/pages/Index.cfm?pageID=3513#students (accessed 18 May, 2009). A statistic worth pondering is the fact that eighty percent of Catholic undergraduates are attending non-Catholic schools; see Richard A. Yankowski, “Catholic Education: The Untold Story,” Address to the Catholic Colleges and Universities, 1 February 2010, 5, http://www.accunet.org/files/public/2010_presen tations/Untold_Story.pdf+Catholic+undergraduates+at+non-Catholic+schools+accunet (accessed on 11 November 2010).

¹⁵ Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, “U.S. Religious Landscape Survey, Report 1: Religious Affiliation” (2007)Google Scholar, http://www.religions.pewforum.org/reports (accessed on 10 May, 2009).

¹⁶ Morey and Piderit, 64–65.

¹⁷ Ibid., 89.

¹⁸ Ibid., 65–66.

¹⁹ Congar, Yves OP, I Believe in the Holy Spirit, vol. 1 (New York/London: Seabury, 1983), 45.Google Scholar