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Progress and compromise in liberal Italy*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Lucy Riall
Affiliation:
University of Essex

Abstract

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Type
Review Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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References

1 Bosworth, R. J. B., Italy, the least of the great powers. Italian foreign policy before the First World War (London, 1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

2 See, for example, Salamone, A. W. (ed.), Italy from liberalism to fascism. An inquiry into the origins of the totalitarian state (New York, 1970).Google Scholar

3 The most useful general accounts in English, based on this kind of interpretation, are Watson, C. Seton, Italy from liberalism to fascism (London, 1968)Google Scholar and Martin, Clark, Modern Italy, 1871–1982 (London, 1984).Google Scholar

4 Marxist historians, basing their interpretation on Gramsci's concept of ‘passive revolution’, argued that there were strong lines of continuity between Italian liberalism and Italian fascism. Liberal historians, following Croce's History of Liberal Italy, maintained that there was no connection at all. See Davis, J. A. (ed.), Gramsci and Italy's passive revolution (London, 1979)Google Scholar, Galasso, G., Croce, Gramsci e altri storici (Milan, 1962).Google Scholar

5 For a discussion of the implications of ‘revisionist’ research for the liberal period, see Davis, J. A., ‘Remapping Italy's path to the twentieth century’, Journal of Modern History, LXVI, 2 (1994), 291320CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Romanelli, R., ‘Political debate, social history and the Italian borghesia: changing perspectives in historical research’, Journal of Modern History, LXIII, 4 (1991), 717–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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8 Davis, , ‘Remapping Italy's path to the twentieth century’.Google Scholar

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10 See also Gherardi, R. & Matteuci, N. (eds.), Marco Minghetti, statista e pensatore politico, dalla realtà italiana alia dimensione europee (Bologna, 1986).Google Scholar

11 For research informed by this new perspective, see also C. Pavone, ‘L'awento del suffragio universale in Italia’ and M. Salvati, ‘Dalla Francia all'Italia. Il modello francese e vie surrettizie di modernizzazione amministrativa in uno Stato periferico’, both in Pavone, C. & Salvati, M. (eds.), Suffragio, rappresentanza, interessi. Istituzioni e società fra '800 e '900Google Scholar. Fondazione Lelio e, Lisli Basso, Annali, IX, 1987–1988 (Milan, 1989), 95121, 123–66.Google Scholar

12 Chabod, F., Storia dell politico estera italiana dal 1870 al 1896, Vol. I. Le premesse (Bari, 1951).Google Scholar

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14 For a theoretical discussion of the processes involved in state formation during this period, see Poggi, G., The state. Its nature, development and prospects (Oxford, 1990)Google Scholar, Dandeker, C., Surveillance, power and modernity (Oxford, 1990)Google Scholar, Mann, M., The sources of social power. Vol. II. The rise of classes and nation-states, 1760–1314 (Cambridge, 1993)Google Scholar, Giddens, A., The nation state and violence (Oxford, 1985).Google Scholar