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A Power in the North? The Percies in the Fifteenth Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Michael Weiss
Michael Weiss
Affiliation:
University of California, Irvine
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Type
Communications
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , June 1976 , pp. 501 - 509
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

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References

1 James, M. E., ‘The First Earl of Cumberland (1493–1542) and the Decline of Northern Feudalism’, Northern History, 1 (1966), pp. 43–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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4 Ibid. p. 6.

5 James, , Northern History (1966), p. 52.Google Scholar

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7 James, M. E., A Tudor Magnate and the Tudor State, Henry Fifth Earl of Northumberland (York, 1966), p. 17.Google Scholar

8 Ibid.

9 Ibid.

10 James, Tudor Magnate, p. 17.

11 Ibid.

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13 Ibid.

14 Ibid. p. 80.

15 James, Tudor Magnate, p. 13.

16 Storey, R. L., ‘The north of England’, in Fifteenth-century England, 1399–1509, ed. Chrimes, S. B., Ross, C. D., and Griffiths, R. A. (Manchester, 1972), pp. 134–7;Google ScholarTuck, J. A., ‘Richard II and the Border Magnates’, Northern History, III (1968), pp. 27–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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19 On 28 December 1462, Edward IV confiscated the temporalities of the bishopric of Durham and committed them to Sir John Fogge, treasurer of the king's household, Sir John Scott, controller of the household, and Thomas Colt, chancellor of the earldom of March. They were instructed to deposit £3,000, raised out of the arrears of the bishopric, with the treasurer of the king's household. Since an additional amount had to be expended in collecting the sum, £3,500 is a reasonable estimate of the income of the bishopric. Calendar of the Patent Rolls preserved in the Public Record Office, Edward IV, Vol. 1: A.D. 1461–1467 (London, 1897), p. 215;Google ScholarReports of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records (50 vols., London, 1840–88), xxxv,Google Scholar 83. York's landed income is given in Rosenthal, Joel T., ‘The Estates and Finances of Richard, duke of York (1411–1460)’, Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History, II (1965). P. 192.Google Scholar

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25 The dating for the calendar of the Durham chancery enrolments is inadequate. Only the episcopal year of the bishop of Durham or the regnal year of the king is given. DKR, xxxv, 143

26 Ibid. p. 153.

27 Ibid, XXXIII, 141, 196, 207; XXXIV, 174–5, 192, 210; XXXV, 88.

28 Ibid, XXXIV, 169, 192, 210–11, 219

29 Ibid. 209.

30 Ibid, XXXIV, 192, 207, 210–II, 218–19; XXXV, 87–8.

31 Ibid, XXXV, 88.

32 Ransome, Cyril, ‘The Battle of Towton’, English Historical Review, IV (1889), p. 465;CrossRefGoogle ScholarScofield, Cora L., The Life and Reign of Edward the Fourth King of England and France and Lord of Ireland (2 vols., London, 1967), I, 334–5, 491.Google Scholar

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35 Historie of the Arrivall of Edward IV. in England…, quoted in James, Change and Continuity, p. 4; Durham University Journal (1965), p. 80.Google Scholar

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38 Arrivall, pp. 3–4; Warkworth, John, A Chronicle of the First Thirteen Years of the Reign of King Edward the Fourth, James Orchard Halliwell (New York, 1968), p. 13.Google Scholar

39 Arrivall, p. 4.

40 Only a Thomas Clifford is mentioned by Warkworth. Arrivall, p. 5; Warkworth, p. 14.

41 Arrivall, pp. 5–6.

42 Ibid. p. 6.

43 Ibid. p. 7.

44 Ibid.

45 Warkworth claimed that Hastings' men numbered 2,000 and were led by Sir William Stanley and Sir William Norris. Arrivall, pp. 8–9; Warkworth, p. 14.

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48 Ibid. pp. 6–7.

49 Ibid. p. 7.

50 Ibid. p. 6.

51 Warkworth, p. 14.

52 The identity of the messenger, whose mission is described in his bill of costs, is disputed. Sir Robert Somerville thinks that he was Nicholas Sharpe, a former receiver-general for the duchy of Lancaster, while T. B. Pugh believes that he was Nicholas Leventhorpe. Pugh, T. B., ‘The Magnates, Knights and Gentry’, in Fifteenth-century England 1399–1509, ed. Chrimes, S. B., Ross, C. D., and Griffiths, R. A. (Manchester, 1972), p. 126;Google ScholarSomerville, Robert, History of the Duchy of Lancaster, vol. 1, 1265–1603 (Edinburgh, 1953), p. 256.Google Scholar

53 Warkworth, p. 16.

54 Brooks, F. W., The Council of the North (London, 1953), p. 10; Reid, pp. 42–3. I hope to deal elsewhere at length both with Richard's position in the north and with that of the Nevilles in the previous decade.Google Scholar

55 The indenture has been printed in Dunham, William H., Lord Hastings' Indentured Retainers, 1461–1483, The Lawfulness of Liberty and Retaining under the Yorkists and Tudors (New York, 1970), p. 140.Google Scholar

56 Percy's contingent had declined by ten men-at-arms and 150 archers from the first quarter of the expedition. Barnard, F. P., Edward IV's French Expedition of 1475: The Leaders and Their Badges, Being MS.2.M.16. College of Arms (Oxford, 1925), pp. 10, 16.Google Scholar

57 Ibid. p. 23

58 Ibid. p. 48.

59 Ibid. p. 97.

60 Lincoln retained his authority in the north after Edward's death on 9 April 1484. Brooks, pp. 11–12; Reid, pp. 59–66.

61 James, , Durham University Journal (1965), p. 80.Google Scholar

62 Ibid. p. 81.

63 James, Change and Continuity, p. 5.

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66 Ibid.

67 British Museum, Harleian MS 433, fos. 288ff. This is a signet seal docket book for the reign of Richard III.

68 Percy was reappointed warden of the East and Middle Marches on 3 Jan. i486. Chrimes, S. B., Henry VII (London, 1972), p. 56;Google ScholarJames, , Durham University Journal (1965), p. 80.Google Scholar