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Lord Mulgrave's Proposals for the Reconstruction of Europe in 1804

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Edward Ingram
Affiliation:
Simon Fraser University

Abstract

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Type
Communications
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1976

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References

1 Enclosure to Haugwitz, n.d., in Grenville to de Luc, 14 Jan. 1798, Historical Manuscripts Commission: The Manuscripts of J. B. Fortescue Esq., Preserved at Dropmore (London, 1892–;1927), IV, 58.Google Scholar

2 Mulgrave to Vorontsoff, 19 Jan. 1805, F.O. 65/60.

3 British Diplomacy, 1813–1815: Select Documents dealing with the Reconstruction of Europe, Webster, C. K. (ed.) (London, 1921), pp. 389–94Google Scholar; Foundations of British Foreign Policy from Pitt (7792) to Salisbury (1902), Temperley, Harold and Penson, Lillian M. (eds.) (London, 1938), pp. 1021Google Scholar; Britain and Europe: Pitt to Churchill, 1793-J940, Joll, James (ed.) (London, 1950), pp. 4850Google Scholar; Bourne, Kenneth, The Foreign Policy of Victorian England, 1830–1902 (Oxford, 1970), pp. 197–8Google Scholar; Great Britain: Foreign Policy and the Span of Empire, 1689–1971, Wiener, Joel H. (ed.) with Plumb, J. H. (New York, 1971).Google Scholar

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5 Joll. pp. 3–4.

6 Sir Henry Phipps, first earl of Mulgrave, first Viscount Normanby, and third Baron Mulgrave (1755–1831); general, 1809; subsequently first lord of the admiralty, 1807–10, master-general of the ordnance, 1810–19, minister without office, 1819–20.

7 Gray, Denis, Spencer Perceval: The Evangelical Prime Minister, 1762–1812 (Manchester, 1962), p. 54.Google Scholar

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10 Canning to Leveson-Gower, 6 Jan., 11 Jan. 1805, Granville MSS, P.R.0.30/29/8(4). How isolated was Canning is shown by Lady Bessborough's comment that ‘he assured me I have twice been the first to inform him of what happened in the Cabinet and what appeared next day in the newspapers, the’ both times he had been walking with Mr Pitt a few hours before we met’. Lady Bessborough to Leveson-Gower, 6 May 1805, Lord Granville Leveson-Gower: Private Correspondence, 1781–1821, Castalia, Granville, Countess (ed.) (London, 1916), II, 69.Google Scholar

11 Addington had told Pitt that he would never again meet Canning. The Diary and Correspondence of Charles Abbot, Lord Colchester, second Lord Colchester (ed.) (London, 1861), I. 540.Google Scholar

12 See Long to Pitt, 6 Dec. 1804, Dacre Adams MSS, P.R.O. 30/58/5, no. 118.

13 Camden to Pitt, 28 Dec. 1804, George III, IV, 267Google Scholar, fn. 2. Malmesbury, however, was deaf.

14 Duke of Buckingham, Memoirs of the Courts and Cabinets of George III (London, 18521855), III, 404.Google Scholar

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16 Presumably why he doubted the report. Buckinghamshire to Auckland, 11 Jan. 1805, Auckland MSS, Add. MSS 34456, fo. 187.

17 Canning to Leveson-Gower, 11 Jan. 1805, P.R.O. 30/29/8(4).

18 The Diaries and Correspondence of the Rt Hon George Rose, Harcourt, L. V. (ed.) (London, 1860), II, 174.Google Scholar

19 Pitt's friends believed that the union signified the revival of royal power. Harrowby to Bathurst, 31 Jan. 1805, Historical Manuscripts Commission: The Manuscripts of the Seventh Earl Bathurst (London, 1923), p. 44.Google Scholar

20 Two who were offended were Lord Lowther and the marquis of Stafford.

21 T. Grenville to Grenville, 7 Oct. 1805, Dropmore MSS, VII, 307.Google Scholar

22 Cornwallis to Ross, 11 Sept., 24 Oct., 6 Dec. 1804, The Correspondence of Charles, First Marquess Cornwallis, Ross, C. (ed.) (London, 1859), III, 518521, 522Google Scholar. Partly because he ‘felt…rather awkwardly circumstanced at being totally laid aside’, he offered to return to India, where he was expected to die.

83 Mulgrave to Pitt, 27 Dec. 1804, P.R.O. 30/58/5, no. 128.

24 After his return from India in 1793 Cornwallis entered the cabinet as master-general of the ordnance.

25 The Diaries of Sylvester Douglas, Lord Glenbervie, Bickley, F. (ed.) (London, 1928), I, 90.Google Scholar

26 Rose, J. Holland, William Pitt and the Great War (London, 1911), p. 523Google Scholar; Webster, , Castlereagh, p. 57Google Scholar; Sherwig, John M., Guineas and Gunpowder: British Foreign Aid in the Wars with France, 1793–1815 (Cambridge, Mass., 1969), pp. 148, 151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

27 Harrowby to Vorontsoff, 26 June 1804, F.O. 60/55.

28 For Novosiltsoff's instructions, see Mémoires du Prince Adam Czartoryski et Correspondence avec I'Empéreur Alexandre ler (Paris, 1887), II, 27.Google Scholar

28 Mulgrave to Pitt, 15 Dec. 1804. P.R.O. 30/58/5, no. 122. The minute of the cabinet sent by Camden to the king referred only to the decision to blockade Spain. George III, IV, 257.Google Scholar

30 Leveson-Gower, II, 30Google Scholar. ‘Your first despatches from my successor’ added Harrowby, still ailing at Bath, ‘will have borne pretty decisively the stamp of Pitt.’ Harrowby to Leveson- Gower, 28 Mar. 1805, P.R.O. 30/29/384.A.

31 The Memoranda and Correspondence of Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, third marquis of Londonderry (ed.) (London, 18481854), VIII, 356.Google Scholar

38 Castlereagh, who had shown litte of his later ability, was not a success at the Board of Control, although one must sympathize with anyone who had to control Wellesley. Philips, C. H., The East India Company (revised edition) (Manchester, 1961), p. 143.Google Scholar

33 Mackesy, Piers, The War in the Mediterranean, 1803–1810 (London, 1957), pp. 1314, 391–2.Google Scholar

34 Nelson to Addington, 27 Sept. 1803, Nelson MSS, Add. MSS 34953, p. 157. Nelson to Hobart, 31 May 1804, ibid. 34956, p. 38.

35 Mulgrave to Pitt, 26 Apr. 1805, P.R.O. 30/58/6, no. 57.

36 See the speeches of Dundas and his associate, Sir Mark Wood, on the preliminaries of peace in 1801. Parliamentary History of England, Cobbett, W. (ed.) (London, 1820), XXXVI, 154. 776.Google Scholar

37 The negotiations can be followed in Royal Historical Society: Select Despatches relating to the Formation of the Third Coalition against France, 1804–1805, Rose, J. Holland (ed.) (London, 1904).Google Scholar

39 Pitt to Novosiltsoff, private and confidential, 7 June 1805, P.R.O. 30/58/6, no. 79.

39 See E. Ingram,’ A Preview of the Great Game in Asia - III: The Origins of the British Expedition to Egypt in 1801’, Middle Eastern Studies IX (1973), 296314.Google Scholar

40 Sherwig, John M., ‘Lord Grenville's Plan for a Concert of Europe, 1797–1799’, Journal of Modern History XXXIV (1962), 284–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

41 See Anderson, M. S., ‘Eighteenth-Century Theories of the Balance of Power’, Studies in Diplomatic History: Essays in Memory of David Bayne Horn, Hatton, R. and Anderson, M. S. (eds.) (London, 1970), pp. 192–4.Google Scholar

42 For the debate, see Pares, Richard, ‘American versus Continental Warfare’, English Historical Review LI (1936), 429–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

43 For eighteenth-century theories of international relations and the contemporary conception of empire and balance of power, see Hinsley, F. H., Power and the Pursuit of Peace: Theory and Practice in the History of Relations between States (Cambridge, 1963), ch. 8.Google Scholar

44 Except as indicated, spelling and punctuation are unaltered.