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VI. Britain, Siam and the Malay Peninsula, 1906–19091

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Ira Klein
Ira Klein
Affiliation:
The American University, Washington, D.C.
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Extract

The British ‘New Imperialism’ has frequently been described as a monolith, generated in the opinion of Hobson and others by the search for capital outlets and markets, or in Schumpeter's analysis by the residue of feudalism.2 These mechanistic interpretations allow little importance to mediating philosophies or institutions, to anti-imperialist convictions or inner divisiveness, or to conditions in indigenous societies. Views of the uniqueness of the New Imperialism, and also of imperial expansion being simply determined, were powerfully challenged by Professor Gallagher and Dr Robinson in their article, ‘The Imperialism of Free Trade’.3

Type
Articles
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , March 1969 , pp. 119 - 136
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1969

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References

2 Schumpeter, Joseph, Imperialism and Social Classes (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1951);Google ScholarHobson, John, Imperialism, a Study (London: Nisbet, 1902).Google Scholar

3 Gallagher, John and Robinson, Ronald, ‘ The Imperialism of Free Trade’, The Economic History Review, Second Series, xi, no. 1 (1953).Google Scholar

4 Thompson, Virginia, Thailand: the New Siam (New York: Macmillan and Co., 1941), p. 165;Google ScholarWinstedt, R.O., A History of Malaya (Singapore: Marican and Sons; rev. ed. 1962), p. 237;Google ScholarHall, D.G., A History of South East Asia (London: Macmillan & Co., rev. ed. 1955), p. 612.Google Scholar

5 Thompson, Thailand, p. 165.

6 Winstedt, A History of Malaya, p. 237.

7 Hall, A History of South East Asia, p. 611.

8 Balfour Papers (British Museum), Balfour to Barrington, 28 January 1896.

9 Foreign Office Confidential Series, Siam, FO 422, XLVII, Convention between Great Britain and Siam, 6 April 1897.

10 FO 422, LVI, Lansdowne to Tower, 7 January 1902.

11 Joseph Chamberlain Papers (Birmingham University Library), Swettenham to Chamberlain, 17 April 1902.

12 FO 422, LVI, Swettenham to Colonial Office, 11 June 1902.

13 Consular and Embassy Archives, Bangkok (Public Record Office), FO 628, Swettenham's Promemoria of Conversations held with the King of Siam, 24 February 1902.

14 FO 628, Swettenham's Promemoria of Conversations held with the King of Siam, evening of 25 February 1902.

15 FO 422, LVI, Tower to Lansdowne, 8 March 1902.

16 Joseph Chamberlain Papers, Lansdowne to Chamberlain, 27 August 1902.

17 Joseph Chamberlain Papers, Chamberlain to Swettenham, 15 September 1902.

18 FO 422, LVI, CO to FO, 15 July 1902.

19 FO 422, LVIII, Extract from the Declaration Concerning Siam in the Agreement between Great Britain and France of 8 April 1904; FO 422, LIX, FO to Manchester Chamber of Commerce.

20 FO 422, LVIII, Lansdowne to Monson, 20 April 1904.

21 FO 422, LVIII, Monson to Lansdowne, 1 November 1904.

22 FO 422, LVIII. Extract from the Westminster Gazette of 17 November 1904.

23 FO 422, LVIII, Liverpool Chamber of Commerce to FO, 30 December 1904; FO to Manchester Chamber of Commerce, 19 January 1905.

24 Typically see Morley Papers (India Office Library), Morley to Minto, 24 January 1908; Morley to Minto, 17 June 1908.

25 Rosebery Papers (Scottish National Library), Rosebery to Kimberley, 21 October 1904.

26 FO 422, LX, Paget to Grey, 21 December 1905.

27 FO 422, LIX, CO to FO, 20 April 1905.

28 FO 422, LVIII, enclosure no. 1 in CO to FO, 29 December 1904.

29 FO 422, LVIII, Paget to Lansdowne, 23 January 1904.

30 FO 422, LXI, Beckett to Grey, 19 January 1907.

31 FO 422, LXI, Becket to Grey, 4 January 1907.

32 FO 422, LXV, Paget to Strobel, 8 March 1907.

33 Ministère des Affaires Etrangères. Documents Diplomatique, Affaires de Siam, 1893–1902 (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1896), pp. 70–6.Google Scholar

34 FO 422, LVII, De Bunsen to Lansdowne, 3 April 1903.

35 FO 422, LVIII, Monson to Lansdowne, 12 February 1904.

36 FO 422, LVIII, Monson to Lansdowne, 15 February 1905.

37 FO 422, LVII, Paget to Lansdowne, 29 December 1903.

38 FO 422, LVII, Monson to Lansdowne, 28 May 1903.

39 Hamilton Papers (India Office Library), Curzon to Hamilton, 19 March 1903.

40 FO 422, LXI, Paget to Grey, 27 March 1907.

41 Ibid.

42 FO 422, LXI, Grey to Bertie, 21 March 1907.

43 FO 422, LXI, Paget to Grey, 18 April 1907.

44 Typical was the French use of the fantastic Mong Byah, an escaped seducer and murderer, who claimed magical invincibility, to foment unrest and insurrection. See FO 422, XLVII, Report on the… release from custody of one… Mong Byah, by French troops at Chantabon.

45 Lansdowne Papers (Public Record Office) Verney to Lansdowne, 29 September 1900.

46 Lansdowne Papers, Verney to Lansdowne, 3 June 1902.

47 FO 422, LXI, Paget to Grey, 19 March 1907.

48 FO 422, LXI, Grey to Paget, 21 March, 1907.

49 FO 422, LXI, Paget to Grey, 27 March 1907.

50 FO 422, LXI, FO to CO, 30 March 1907.

51 FO 422, LXI, Paget to Grey, 27 March 1907.

52 FO 422, LXI, Paget to Grey, 27 April 1907.

53 FO 422, LXI, Beckett to Paget, 15 September 1907.

54 FO 422, LXII, Paget to Grey, 1 January 1908.

55 Ibid.

56 FO 422, LXII, Paget to Grey, 30 January 1908.

57 FO 422, LXIV, Paget to Grey, 15 January 1909.

58 FO 422, LXIV, Beckett to Grey, 7 July 1909.

59 FO 422, LXIV, Paget to Grey, 15 January 1909.

60 FO 422, LVI, Archer to Lansdowne, 29 September 1902.

61 FO 422, LXIV, Paget to Grey, 15 January 1909.

62 Ibid

63 Lord Curzon, as quoted in Winstedt, A History of Malaya, p. 237.

64 Hamilton Papers, Hamilton to Curzon, 6 June 1900.

65 Hamilton Papers, Hamilton to Curzon, 17 September 1902.

66 Balfour Papers, Montagu to Balfour, 20 December 1918.

67 Morley Papers, Morley to Minto, 9 March 1910.

68 Rosebery Papers, Rosebery to Gladstone, 25 July 1893; Gladstone to Rosebery, 18 August 1893.

69 Rosebery Papers, Rosebery to Kimberley, 11 April 1895.