1 In addition, the great expansion of bureaucracy, indeed the ‘total bureaucratization’ implicit also in the expression ‘apparat states’, should be mentioned here. I made it an integral part of the discussion of totalitarian dictatorship (cf. ch. 17). This aspect has recently been emphasized by e.g. Alfred G. Meyer, The Soviet Political System, who believes thus to minimize the totalitarian nature of these regimes; in point of fact, he reconfirms it. Ionescu minimizes this dimension by speaking of ‘state administration’, though the apparatchiks are prima facie bureaucrats.