¹ For details see Mark A. Zöller, Terrorismusstrafrecht: Ein Handbuch (Terrorist Criminal Law: A Guide) 45-83 (2009). To the term “terrorism” in criminal law in general, see Maunuel Cancio Meliá, Zum strafrechtlichen Begriff des Terrorismus (The criminal concept of terrorism), 159 Goldtammer's Archiv für Strafrecht 1-13 (2012).Google Scholar

² For the history of biological weapons, see Friedrich Hansen, Biologische Kriegsführung im Dritten Reich (Biological warfare in the Third Reich, 1993) – for a list of modern biological weapons, see Waffenrecht, Teil A, Abschnitt II: biologische Waffen (Weapons Act, Part A, Section II: biological weapons), in Otto Lagodny, Ralph Alt, Karsten Altenhain, Georg Freund & Bernd Heinrich, Münchener Kommentar zum Strafgesetzbuch (Munich Commentary on the Criminal Code, 5th ed., 2007).Google Scholar

³ See Clive Walker, Terrorism and the Law (2011), at margin number 1.121.Google Scholar

⁴ For details, see Ian Reader, Religious Violence in Contemporary Japan (2000).Google Scholar

⁵ See Dederer, Hans-Georg, Kernkraftwerke im Visier des Terrorismus (Nuclear power plants in sight of terrorism), Die Öffentliche Verwaltung 621-632 (2005).Google Scholar

⁶ Id. Google Scholar

⁷ For details, see Karl Lackner & Kristian Kühl, Strafgesetzbuch: Kommentar (Penal Code: Commentary, 27th ed., 2011), preliminaries to sections 324-330 (d).Google Scholar

⁸ Michael Bohlander, The German Criminal Code: A Modern English Translation (2008), s. 330(2). Google Scholar

⁹ Id. at s. 330(a).Google Scholar

¹⁰ Id. at s. 305(1).Google Scholar

¹¹ For details see Hagen Wolff, § 395 margin number 8, in Leipziger Kommentar zum StGB (Verlag De Gruyter ed., 12th ed., 2008).Google Scholar

¹² Id. at s. 306 (1).Google Scholar

¹³ Id. at s. 306 (b) (1).Google Scholar

¹⁴ Id. at s. 306 (c).Google Scholar

¹⁵ See Walker, supra note 3, at margin number 1.111: “As regards method, the core is violence, and terrorism involves types of violence which cause terror, often amplified through devices such as media threats. Violence is usually conceived as perpetrating harm to human beings.”Google Scholar

¹⁶ For details, see Paul Frederick Cecil, Herbicidal Warfare: Ranch Hand Project in Vietnam (1986); Philip Jones Griffith, Agent Orange: Collateral Damage in Vietnam (2004).Google Scholar

¹⁷ For further details, see Matthias Reichart, Umweltschutz durch völkerrechtliches Strafrecht (Protection of the environment by international criminal law, 1999). For Germany, see Section 11 (Para. 3) Völkerstrafgesetzbuch (Code of Crimes against International Law): “Whoever in connection with an international armed conflict carries out an attack by military means and definitely anticipates that the attack will cause widespread, long-term and sever damage to the natural environment on a scale out of proportion to the concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated shall be punished with imprisonment for not less than three years” (Translation by Brian Duffet, Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht).Google Scholar

¹⁸ For further details, see Christian Tomuschat, Schädigung der Umwelt als Verbrechen nach Völkerstrafrecht (Environmental destruction as crimes under international criminal law), in Völkerrecht und deutsches Recht 100, 104 (Hans-Wolfgang Arndt, Franz-Ludwig Knemeyer, Dieter Kugelmann, Werner Meng & Michael Schweitzer eds., 2001); Martin Heger, Die Europäisierung des deutschen Umweltstrafrechts (The Europeanization of the German environmental criminal law, 2009), 27-33; Gerhard Werle, Principles of International Criminal Law (2nd ed., 2009), para. 1201-1210.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Walker, supra note 3, at margin number 1.110.Google Scholar

²⁰ See Dederer, supra note 5, at 621-632.Google Scholar

²¹ See for example, Hans-Georg Dederer, Krieg gegen den Terror, 59 Juristenzeitung 421, 424, 429 (2004).Google Scholar

²² Gerhard Werle, Principles of International Criminal Law (2nd ed., 2009), at margin number 308.Google Scholar

²³ For further details, see Ines Petersen, Die Strafbarkeit des Einsatzes von biologischen, chemischen und nuklearen Waffen als Kriegsverbrechen nach dem IStGH-Statut (The criminalization of the use of biological, chemical and nuclear weapons as a war crime under the Rome Statute, 2009).Google Scholar

²⁴ Michael Kloepfer & Hans-Peter Vierhaus, Umweltstrafrecht (The environmental criminal law, 2^nd ed., 2002), para. 170; Matthias Reichart, supra note 17.Google Scholar

²⁵ Id. Google Scholar

²⁶ See Werle, supra note 23, at margin number 929.Google Scholar

²⁷ Id. Google Scholar

²⁸ Id. at para. 950.Google Scholar

²⁹ See Otfried Höffe, Eine Konversion der kritischen Theorie? Zu Habermas's Rechts- und Staatstheorie (A conversion of critical theory? On Habermas's legal and political theory), 12 Rechtshistorisches Journal 70, 77 (1993); Otfried Höffe, Gibt es ein interkulturelles Strafrecht?: Ein philosophischer Versuch (Is there a cross-cultural criminal law? a philosophical attempt, 1999).Google Scholar

³⁰ See Detlef Krauß, Gift im Strafrecht (Poison in Criminal Law), President of Humboldt University in Berlin 11 (1999).Google Scholar

³¹ Bohlander, supra note 8, at s. 314 (1).Google Scholar

³² Id. at s. 308 (2).Google Scholar

³³ Id. at s. 308 (3).Google Scholar

³⁴ See Wolff, supra, note 11 at § 314, margin number 1. Only 10 such cases were recorded as of 2007.Google Scholar