Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-89wxm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-05T19:02:40.060Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Possible cellular tissue in an Ordovician graptoblast

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

P. R. Crowther ,
R. B. Rickards  and
A. Urbanek
P. R. Crowther
Affiliation:
The City Museum, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RL, U.K.
R. B. Rickards
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, U.K.
A. Urbanek
Affiliation:
Department of Palaeontology, Unit for Graptolite Research, ul. Newelska 6, PL-01 447 Warszawa, Poland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An encysted portion of a crustoid stolotheca of Graptoblastoides sp. has revealed possible cellular tissue, but no gross zooidal morphology. Two explanations are suggested: one regarding the cellular complex as remnants of entrapped soft parts; the other, less likely, indicating a local disturbance in the secretion of the blastocrypt material. The cellular tissue is figured and described, and the opportunity is taken to review the extent of knowledge with respect to graptolite soft parts, and to compare the structures described with features of extant Rhabdopleura species.

Type
Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 124 , Issue 1 , January 1987 , pp. 67 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andres, D. 1980. Feinstrukturen und Verwandtschaftsbez-iehungen der Graptolithen. Palaontologische Zeitschift 54, 129–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjerreskov, M. 1978. Discoveries on graptolites by X-ray studies. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 23, 463–71.Google Scholar
Bulman, O. M. B. 1970. Graptolithina. In Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. V, Graptolithina, with sections on Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia, 2nd ed. (ed. Teichert, C.), xxxiii + 163 pp. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Bulman, O. M. B. & Rickards, R. B. 1966. A revision of Wiman's dendroid and tuboid graptolites. Bulletin of the Institute of Geology, University of Uppsala 43, 1–72.Google Scholar
Crowther, P. R. 1981. The fine structurre of graptolite periderm. Special Papers in Palaeontology 26, 1–119.Google Scholar
Crowther, P. R. & Rickards, R. B. 1977. Cortical bandages and the graptolite zooid. Geologica et Palaeontologica 11, 9–46.Google Scholar
Decker, C. & Gould, I. B. 1957. Bithecae, Gonothecae and Nematothecae on Graptoloidea. Journal of Paleontology 31, 1154–8.Google Scholar
Decker, C. & Hassinger, N. 1958. What higher magnification is doing for the study of graptolites. Journal of Paleontology 32, 697–700.Google Scholar
Dilly, N. 1975. The dormant buds of Rhabdopleura compacta (Hemichordata). Cell Tissue Research 159, 387–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hundt, R. 1965. Aus der Welt der Graptolithen Berlin, Bonn: Commerzia Verlag und Drackerei Seidel & Co. 208 pp.Google Scholar
KozLowski, R. 1949. Les graptolithes et quelques nouveaux groupes d'animaux du Tremadoc de la Pologne. Palaeontologica Polonica 3, 1–235.Google Scholar
KozLowski, R. 1962. Crustoidea, nouveau groupe de graptolites. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 7, 3–52.Google Scholar
KozLowski, R. 1971. Early development stages and the mode of life of graptolites. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 16, 313–43.Google Scholar
Kulicki, C. 1969. The discovery of Rhabdopleura (Pterobranchia) in the Jurassic of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 14, 537–51.Google Scholar
Kulicki, C. 1971. New observations on Rhabdopleura kozlowskii (Pterobranchia) from the Bathonian of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 16, 415–28.Google Scholar
Lankester, E. R. 1884. A contribution to the knowledge of Rhabdopleura. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Sciences 24, 622–47.Google Scholar
Obut, A. M. 1950. Polevoi Atlas. Isdatelstvo Kirgizeskogo Filiala Akademia Nauk S.S.S.R., 1–56.Google Scholar
Mierzejewski, P. 1977. The first discovery of Crustoidea (Graptolithina) and Rhabdopleurida (Pterobranchia) in the Silurian. Bulletin of the Academy of Polish Sciences, Series Sciences de la Terre 25, 103–7.Google Scholar
Rickards, R. B. 1975. Palaeoecology of the Graptolithina, an extinct Class of the Phylum Hemichordata. Biological Reviews 50, 397–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rickards, R. B., Chapman, A. & Temple, J. T. 1984. Rhabdopleura hollandi, a new pterobranch hemichordate from the Silurian of the Llandovery district, Powys, Wales. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 95, 23–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rickards, R. B. & Dumican, L. M. 1984. The fibrillar component of the graptolite periderm. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 6, 175–203.Google Scholar
Rickards, R. B. & Stait, B. 1984. Psigraptus, its classification, evolution and zooid. Alcheringa 8 101–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schepotieff, A. 1907. Die Pterobranchier, Anatomischen und histologische Untersuchungen uber Rhabdopleura normani Allman und Cephalodiscusdodecalophus. M'Int. 1. Teil, Rhabdopleura normani Allman. 2. Absch Knospungprozess und Gehause von Rhabdopleura. Zoologische, Jahrbücher, Abtielung für Anatomie, Ontogenie 24, 193–238.Google Scholar
Stebbing, A. R. D. 1970. Aspects of the reproducion and life cycle of Rhabdopleura compacta (Hemichordata). Marine Biology 5, 205–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Towe, K. M. & Urbanek, A. 1972. Collagen-like structures in Ordovician graptolite periderm. Nature 237, 443–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urbanek, A. 1983. The significance of graptoblasts in the life cycle of crustoid graptolites. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 28, 313–26.Google Scholar
Urbanek, A. & Mierzejewski, P. 1984. The ultrastructure of Crustoidea and the evolution of graptolite skeletal tissues. Lethaia 17, 73–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urbanek, A., Mierzejewski, P. & Rickards, R. B. 1986. New observations on fine structure of graptoblasts. Lethaia 19, 97–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urbanek, A. & Rickards, R. B. 1974. The ultrastructure of some retiolitids and graptoblasts. Special Papers in Palaeontology 13, 177–88.Google Scholar
Urbanek, A. & Towe, K. M. 1974. Ultrastructural studies on graptolites: 1. The periderm and its derivatives in the Dendroidea and in Mastigograptus. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 20, 1–48.Google Scholar
Urbanek, A. & Towe, K. M. 1975. Ultrastructural studies of graptolites. 2. The periderm and its derivatives in the Graptoloidea. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 22, 1–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar