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Mantle transition zone-derived eclogite xenolith entrained in a diamondiferous Mesoproterozoic (∼1.1 Ga) kimberlite from the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India: evidence from a coesite, K-omphacite, and majoritic garnet assemblage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2023

Amitava Chatterjee Open the ORCID record for Amitava Chatterjee [Opens in a new window] ,
N. V. Chalapathi Rao Open the ORCID record for N. V. Chalapathi Rao [Opens in a new window] ,
Rohit Pandey  and
Ashutosh Pandey
Amitava Chatterjee
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, School of Physical, Chemical and Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
N. V. Chalapathi Rao*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
Rohit Pandey
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
Ashutosh Pandey
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, School of Physical, Chemical and Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
*
Author for correspondence: N. V. Chalapathi Rao, Email: nvcrao@bhu.ac.in
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Abstract

Subduction-related kimberlite-borne eclogite xenoliths of the Precambrian age may provide significant information about the evolution and recycling of a subducting crust as exhumed/orogenic eclogites of the pre-Mesoproterozoic time-frame are globally rare. In this paper, we report a kimberlite-borne eclogite xenolith from the diamondiferous Kalyandurg kimberlite cluster of the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India, which contains a plethora of ultra-high-pressure minerals such as coesite, majoritic garnet, and supersilicic K-rich omphacite. The presence of these ultra-high-pressure minerals is confirmed by in situ X-ray diffractometry, laser Raman spectra and electron probe microanalysis. The presence of coesite undisputedly pinpoints a subduction origin for the eclogite at ∼2.8 GPa pressure, which corresponds to ∼100 km depth. The geothermobarometric estimations involving garnet–omphacite–kyanite–coesite reveal that such an eclogitic assemblage equilibrated at ∼5–8 GPa (∼175–280 km) pressure during ultra-deep subduction. The textural relationship between omphacite, coarse-grained garnet and majoritic garnet coupled with the laser Raman spectra and geobarometric estimations obtained from the majoritic garnet demonstrate that the majoritic garnet formed at ∼8–19 GPa (∼280–660 km) owing to disassociation of omphacite and coarse-grained garnet to majoritic garnet during increment of pressure up to the mantle transition zone. Thus, the mineralogical and geothermobarometric data suggest that the studied eclogite possibly travelled down to the mantle transition zone before it was rapidly carried up by a pre-Mesoproterozoic mantle plume, and subsequently entrained as a xenolith by the Mesoproterozoic (∼1.1 Ga) kimberlite.

Keywords

mantle transition zoneultra-deep subductionkimberliteDharwar craton
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 160 , Issue 5 , May 2023 , pp. 874 - 887
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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