Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-mwx4w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-17T06:30:43.817Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Load-cast Structures: Their Relationship to Upper-Surface Structures and their Mode of Formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

G. Kelling
Affiliation:
Grant Institute of Geology, Edinburgh
E. K. Walton
Affiliation:
Grant Institute of Geology, Edinburgh

Abstract

The form and distribution of load-casts suggests a genetic connection with structures previously formed on the upper surface of the underlying bed. On analogy with salt-dome development, the growth of load-casts and associated flame-structures is attributed to the density contrast between upper and lower bands and differential loading caused by the projections and depressions formed by the upper-surface features. This hypothesis is the basis of a new classification of load-cast structures.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1957

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bucher, W. H., 1919. On Ripples and Related Sedimentary Surface Forms and their Palaeogeographic Interpretation. Am. Jour. Sci., xlvii, 149210, 241269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, J. M., 1918. Strand and Undertow Markings of Upper Devonian Times as Indicators of the Prevailing Climate. Bull. N.Y. State Mus., cxcvi, 199238.Google Scholar
Crowell, J. C., 1955. Directional-current Structures from the Prealpine Flysch, Switzerland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., lxvi, 13511384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuchs, T., 1895. Studien über Fucoiden und Heiroglyphen. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math, natur. Kl. lxii, 369448.Google Scholar
Gilbert, G. K., 1914. The Transportation of Debris by Running Water. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, No. 86.Google Scholar
Hamilton, E. L., and Menard, H. W., 1956. Density and Porosity of Sea-floor Surface Sediments off San Diego, California. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., xl, 754761.Google Scholar
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1953 a. Significant Features of Graded Bedding. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., xxxvii, 10441066.Google Scholar
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1953 b. Graded Bedding, with Observations on Lower Palaeozoic Rocks of Britain. Ver. Akad. Wet. Amst., Erste Reeks Deel, xx, No. 3.Google Scholar
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1957. Sole Markings of Graded Greywacke Beds. Jour. Geol., lxv, 231258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuenen, Ph. H., and Menard, H. W., 1952. Turbidity Currents, Graded and Non-Graded Deposits. J. Sediment. Petrol., xxii, 8396.Google Scholar
Kuenen, Ph. H., and Prentice, J. E., 1957. Flow-markings and Load-casts. Geol. Mag., xciv, 173–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamont, A., 1938. Contemporaneous Slumping and Other Problems at Bray Series, Ordovician and Lower Carboniferous horizons, County Dublin. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., xlv, 132.Google Scholar
Parker, T. J., and McDowell, A. N., 1955. Model Studies of Salt Dome Tectonics. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., xxxix, 23842470.Google Scholar
Prentice, J. E., 1956. The Interpretation of Flow-markings and Load-casts. Geol. Mag., xciii, 393400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pringle, J., and Eckford, R. J. A., 1945. Structures in Silurian Greywackes near Innerleithen. Trans. Edin. Geol. Soc., xiv, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rich, J. L., 1950. Flow-markings, Groovings and Intrastratal Crumplings as Criteria for Recognition of Slope Deposits, with Illustrations from the Silurian Rocks of Wales. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., xxxiv, 717741.Google Scholar
Rücklin, H., 1938. Strömungs-Marken im unteren Muschelkalk des Saarlandes. Senckenbergiana, xx, 94114.Google Scholar
Shrock, R. R., 1948. Sequence in Layered Rocks, New York.Google Scholar
Taylor, G. I., 1935. Statistical Theory of Turbulence. Proc. Roy. Soc. A., cli, 421478.Google Scholar
Taylor, G. I., 1936. Correlation Measurements in a Turbulent Flow through a Pipe. Proc. Roy. Soc., A., clvii, 537546.Google Scholar
Walton, E. K., 1955. Silurian Greywackes in Peeblesshire. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., B., lxv, 327357.Google Scholar
Walton, E. K., 1956 a. Limitations of Graded Bedding; and Alternative Criteria of Upward Sequence in the Rocks of the Southern Uplands. Trans. Edin. Geol. Soc., xvi, 262271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, E. K., 1956 b. Two Ordovician Conglomerates in Ayrshire. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, xxii, 133156.Google Scholar