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Granitic magmatism associated with gold mineralization: evidence from the Baizhangzi gold deposit, in the northern North China Craton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2023

Zhi-xiong Zhao Open the ORCID record for Zhi-xiong Zhao [Opens in a new window] ,
Wei-jun Xu ,
Guo-chen Dong ,
M Santosh ,
Hong-bin Li  and
Ze-guang Chang
Zhi-xiong Zhao
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China Ulanqab Key Laboratory of Geospatial Big Data Application and Environmental Monitoring, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab, China
Wei-jun Xu
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China Rixing Mining Co. Limited of Lingyuan, Liaoning, China
Guo-chen Dong*
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
M Santosh
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China Department of Earth Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Hong-bin Li
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
Ze-guang Chang
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
*
Corresponding author: Guo-chen Dong; Email: donggc@cugb.edu.cn
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Abstract

The relationship between magmatism and gold mineralization has been a topic of interest in understanding the formation of ore deposits. The Baizhangzi gold deposit, located in the northern margin of the North China Craton, is hosted by the Baizhangzi granite (BZG) and provides a case to evaluate the relation between granite and gold mineralization in Late Triassic. In this study, we present petrography, bulk geochemistry, zircon U-Pb isotope and trace elements data, as well as major elements of biotite and plagioclase for the BZG to evaluate the petrogenesis and link with gold mineralization. The BZG comprises biotite monzogranite, biotite-bearing monzogranite and monzogranite (BZGs). Zircon U-Pb geochronology shows that all the granitoids of BZGs were coeval with a formation age of 232 Ma. The granitoids, with high SiO2, Al2O3 and Sr, while low Y and Yb, show adakitic affinity. They are enriched in LILFs (e.g., Rb, Ba, Th, U and Sr) and LREEs, while depletion in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, P and Ti). The geochemical and mineral chemical data suggest that the granitoids have experienced the fractional crystallization of biotite + plagioclase + K- feldspar + apatite. Crystallization temperature is estimated as ca. 700°C, and pressure is between 0.71 kbar and 1.60 kbar. The monzogranite shows higher values of logfO2, △FMQ and △NNO than the biotite-bearing monzogranite, ranging from −19.76 to −11.71, −4.93 to +3.67 and −5.48 to +3.11, respectively. The fractional crystallization, together with high fO2, K-metasomatism and low evolution degree, provided favourable conditions for gold mineralization.

Keywords

adakitic rockBaizhangzifractional crystallizationgold mineralizationlate TriassicWestern Liaoning
Type
Original Article
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 160 , Issue 6 , June 2023 , pp. 1211 - 1227
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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