Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-cjp7w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-04T05:45:07.591Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An Ophiceratid ammonoid from the New Zealand Permian and its implications for the Permian–Triassic boundary

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

J. B. Waterhouse
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto 5, Canada

Summary

A nesw Ophiceratid genus and species Durvilleoceras woodmani is described from the late Middle Permian Greville Formation of New Zealand, with Episageceras aff noetlingi Haniel. The horizon is close in age to the Kathwai dolomite of the Salt Range, which also has a mid-Permian Ophiceratid species, Ophiceras connectens Schindewolf. The occurrence of these two species shows that the Ophiceratidae cannot serve as an index of early Triassic rocks. The so-called basal Triassic Griesbachian Stage may prove to be closely linked to the Permian period. The key Griesbachian ammonoid genus Otoceras is related to Permian genera, with no later survivors. Moreover the widespread occurrence of Permian-type Productacea and other brachiopods in beds of the Griesbachian Stage in North America and Himalayas also suggests that the Griesbachian is Permian rather than Triassic. To judge from faunas, the start of the Triassic could be based on the incoming of numerous ammonoid families and Triassic brachiopods in the Smithian Stage. The intervening Dienerian Stage between the Griesbachian and Smithian stages is relatively barren of faunas, reflecting some sort of catastrophe at the end of the Paleozoic Era, but has mainly Permian survivors. Such a picture of the Paleozoic–Mesozoic boundary conforms with the intention if not the practice of early paleontologists.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, F. A. von 1834. Beitrag zu einer monographic des Bunten Sandsteins Muschel kalks u. Keuper, u. die Verbindung dieser Gebilde zu einer Formation. 2 Taf. Stuttgart u. Tubingen.Google Scholar
Astre, G. 1934. La Faune permienne des grés à Productus d'Ankitokazo dans le Nord de Madagascar. Madag. Serv. Mines Ann. geol. 4, 6396. Tohoku Univ. 2nd ser. (Geol.) 36, 1–37.Google Scholar
Bando, V. 1964. The Triassic Stratigraphy and Ammonite Fauna of Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. 2nd Ser. (Geol.) 36, 1137.Google Scholar
Besairie, H. 1930. Recherches géologique à Madagascar. Part 5, fossiles permiens. Bull. Soc. d'Hist. not. Toulouse 59, 529–30.Google Scholar
Besairie, H. 1936. Recherches geélogique à Madagascar, première suite: la geologic du nord ouest: fossiles permiens. Mem. Acad. Malagache 21, 105–7.Google Scholar
Bion, H. S. 1914. Tract of Srinagar Pahlgam. Rec. geol. Surv. India 44, 3940.Google Scholar
Bittner, A. 1899. Himalayan fossils. Trias brachiopoda and lamellibranchiata. Mem. geol. Surv. Ind. Palaeont. Indica ser. 15, 3(2), 176, pls 1–0.Google Scholar
Chao, King-Koo. 1965. The Permian Ammonoid-bearing formations of south China. Scientia Sinica 14, 1813–25.Google Scholar
Ciriacks, K. W. 1963. Permian and Eotriassic bivalves of the Middle Rockies. Bull. Am. Mus. not. Hist. 125(1), 1100.Google Scholar
Diener, C. 1897. Himalayan Fossils, Part 1, The Cephalopoda of the Lower Trias. Mem. geol. Surv. Ind. Palaeont. Indica ser. 15 2, pt. 1, 1179, 23 pl.Google Scholar
Diener, C. 1901. Zu frage des Alters der Otoceras beds im Himalaya. Centraalbl. Mineral. geol. Palaeont. 1901, 655–7.Google Scholar
Diener, C. 1909. Lower Triassic Cephalopoda from Spiti, Malla Johar, and Byans. Mem. geol. Surv. Ind. Palaeont. Indica ser. 15, 6(1), 1186, pls 1–31.Google Scholar
Furnish, W. M. 1966. Ammonoids of the Upper Permian Cyclolobus Zone. Neues Jb. Geol. Paläeont. Abh. 125, 265–96.Google Scholar
Furnish, W. M. & Glenister, B. F. 1970. Permian ammonoid Cyclolobus from the Salt Range, West Pakistan. In Kummel, B. & Teichert, C. (Eds): Stratigraphic Boundary Problems: Permian and Triassic of West Pakistan. 153–77, 4 pls, 2 fig. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas.Google Scholar
Grant, R. E. 1970. Brachiopods from Permian–Triassic Boundary beds and Age of Chhidru Formation, West Pakistan. In Kummel, B. & Teichert, C. (Eds): Stratigraphic Boundary Problems: Permian and Triassic of West Pakistan. 117–52, 3 pls. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas.Google Scholar
Griesbach, F. 1880. Palaeontological notes on the Lower Trias of the Himalayas. Rec. geol. Surv. Ind. 13, 94112, 3 pls.Google Scholar
Haniel, C. A. 1915. Die Cephalopoda der Dyas von Timor. Paleont. Timor Lief. 3, Abh. 6, 1153.Google Scholar
Kummel, B. 1954. Triassic stratigraphy of southeastern Idaho and adjacent areas. Prof. Pap. U.S. geol. Surv. 254H, 165–94.Google Scholar
Kummel, B. 1957. In Arkell, W. J. A. et al. : Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part 1, Mollusca 4, Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea. Geol. Soc. Amer. and University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Kummel, B. 1959. Lower Triassic Ammonoids from Western Southland, New Zealand. N.Z. Jl Geol. Geophys. 2, 429–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kummel, B. 1968. Additional Scythian ammonoids from Afghanistan. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. Univ. 136, 483509.Google Scholar
Kummel, B. 1970. Ammonoids from the Kathwai Member, Mianwali Formation, Salt Range, West Pakistan. In Kummel, B. & Teichert, C. (Eds): Stratigraphic Boundary Problems: Permian and Triassic of West Pakistan, 177–92, pls 1–2. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas.Google Scholar
Kummel, B. 1972. The Lower Triassic (Scythian) Ammonoid Otoceras. Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harr. 143, 365418.Google Scholar
Kummel, B. & Teichert, C. 1964. The Permian Triassic boundary in the Salt Range of West Pakistan. Rept. 22nd Sess., Internat. geol. Congress India, Abst. 120.Google Scholar
Kummel, B. 1966. Relations between the Permian and Triassic formations in the Salt Range and Trans-Indus ranges, West Pakistan. Neves Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh. 125, 297333, pls 27–8.Google Scholar
Lintz, J. (Ed.) 1971. Guidebook, Permian and Triassic exposures of western North America. Calgary, Alberta, to El Paso, Texas. McKay School of Mines, Univ. Nevada, Reno.Google Scholar
Mojsisovics, E. V., Waagen, W. & Diener, C. 1895. Entwurf einer Gliederung der pela gischen Sedimente des Trias-Systems. Sitzungber. Akad. Wissen. Wien. Math. Naturwiss. Kl. Abt. 1, 104, 1271–302.Google Scholar
SirMurchison, R. I. 1841. ‘Letter to Dr. Fisher v. Waldheim’. Phil. Mag., New Ser. 19, 418.Google Scholar
Nakazawa, K., Kapoor, H. M., Ishii, D., Bando, Y., Maegoya, T., Shimizu, D., Nogami, Y., Tokuoka, T. & Nohda, S. 1970. Preliminary Report on the Permo-Trias of Kashmir. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Geol. Mineral. 37 (2), 163–72, pls 28, 29.Google Scholar
Nakazawa, K. & Shimizu, D. 1955. Discovery of Glyptophiceras from Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Trans. Proc. paleont. Soc. Japan, n.s. 17, 1318.Google Scholar
Newell, N. D. & Boyd, D. W. 1970. Oyster-like Permian Bivalvia. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 143, art. 4, 217–82, figs 1–34.Google Scholar
Newell, N. D. & Kummel, B. 1942. Lower Eo-Triassic Stratigraphy, western Wyoming, and southeast Idaho. Bull. geol. Soc. Amer. 53, 937–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noetling, F. 1901. Beitrage zur Geologic der Salt Range, inbesondere der Permischen und triadischen Ablagerungen. Neues Jb. Miner. Beilagebd. 14, 369471.Google Scholar
Noetling, F. 1904a. Ueber Medlicottia Waagen and Episageceras n.g. aus den permischen und triadischen schichten Indiens. Neues Jb. Miner. Geol. Palaeont. 19, 334–76, pls 17–20.Google Scholar
Noetling, F. 1904b. In Freeh, F. (Ed.): Lethaia geognostica. Handbuch der Erdgeschichte. 11 Teil. Das Mesozoicum. 1 Band, Trias. Lethaia Mesozoica 1, Asiatische Trias, 107221, pls 9–33.Google Scholar
Pascoe, E. H. 1959. A Manual of the Geology of India and Burma. Vol. 2, Geol. Surv. India, Calcutta. IX–XXII, 4851343.Google Scholar
Popov, Y. 1961. (Triassic ammonoids of the north-eastern zone of the USSR. Palaeonotological substantiation of the stratigraphy of Triassic deposits of the northeastern zone of the USSR.) Trans. Acad. Sci. USSR Res. Inst. Geol. Arctic. 79, 3124 (In Russian).Google Scholar
Rostovtsev, K. O. & Azaryan, N. R. 1971a. (Paleozoic–Mesozoic Boundary in Transcaucasia.) Dok. Acad. Sci. USSR 199 (2), 418–21. (In Russian).Google Scholar
Rostovtsev, K. O. 1971b. The Permian-Triassic boundary in Transcaucasia. Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol. 19, 349350.Google Scholar
Ruzencev, V. E. 1956. (On some new species of Ammonoidea). C.r. Acad. Sci. USSR 1956, 158–61. (In Russian).Google Scholar
Ruzencev, V. E. 1959. (Classification of the Superfamily Otoceratacea.) Pal. Jl Acad. Sci. USSR 1959 (2), 5657. (In Russian).Google Scholar
Ruzencev, V. E. & Sarytcheva, T. G. 1965. The development and succession of marine organisms at the Paleozoic–Mesozoic boundary. Paleont. Inst. Mosc. 108, 1431. (In Russian).Google Scholar
Salter, J. W. 1865. In Salter, J. W. & Blanford, H. J.: Palaeontology of Viti in the northern Himalaya. Military Orphan Press, Calcutta, 1112.Google Scholar
Schindewolf, O. H., 1954. Ueber die Faunenwende vom Paleozoikum zum Mesozoikum. Z. D. geol. Ges. 105, 154–83.Google Scholar
Schindewolf, O. H. 1958. Zur Aussprache ueber die grossen erdgeschichten Faunenschnitte und ihre Versuchung. Neues. Jb. Geol. Palaeont. 6, 270–9.Google Scholar
Sheldon, R. P., Cressman, E. R., Cheney, T. M. & Mackelvey, V. E. 1967. Middle Rocky Mountains and north-eastern Great Basin. Chapter H. In McKee E., D., Oriel S. S. and Others: Paleotectonic Investigations of the Permian System in the United States. Prof. Pap. U.S. geol. Surv. 515, 157–70.Google Scholar
Silberling, N. J. & Tozer, E. T. 1968. Biostratigraphic Classification of the Marine Triassic in North America. Spec. Pap. Am. geol. Soc. 110, 163.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1930. The Eotriassic Invertebrate fauna of east Greenland. Meddr. Grønland. 83 (1).Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1934. Catalogue of the fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History). Part IV. The ammonoidea of the Trias (11). London.Google Scholar
Stepanov, D. L., Golshani, F. & Stocklin, J. 1969. Upper Permian and Permian-Triassic boundary in north Iran. Rep. geol. Surv. Iran 12, 172, 15 pls.Google Scholar
Sweet, W. C. 1970. Uppermost Permian and Lower Triassic Conodonts of the Salt Range and Trans-Indus Ranges, West Pakistan. In Kummel, B. & Teichert, C. (Eds): Stratigraphic boundary Problems: Permian and Triassic of West Pakistan 206–75, pls 1–5. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas.Google Scholar
Taraz, H. 1971. Uppermost Permian and Permian–Triassic Transition beds in central Iran. Bull. Am. Ass. pet. Geol. 55, 1280–94.Google Scholar
Tozer, E. T. 1963. Triassic Stratigraphy and Faunas, Queen Elizabeth Islands, Arctic Archipelago. Mem. geol. Surv. Can. 316, 1116, pls 1–30.Google Scholar
Tozer, E. T. 1965. Lower Triassic Stages and Ammonoid Zones of Arctic Canada. Pap. geol. Surv. Can. 65–12.Google Scholar
Tozer, E. T. 1967. A Standard for Triassic Time. Bull. geol. Surv. Can., 156, 1103, pls 1–9.Google Scholar
Tozer, E. T. 1969. Xenodiscacean Ammonoids and their bearing on the discrimination of the Permian–Triassic boundary. Geol. Mag. 106, 348–61, pls. 16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tozer, E. T. 1971. Triassic Time and ammonoids: Problems and proposals. Can. Jl Earth Sci. 8, (8), 8891031.Google Scholar
Treat, V. C. 1933. Paleontologie de Madagascar XIX. Le Permo-Trias Marin. Ann. Paleont. 22, (2), 3959.Google Scholar
Trechmann, C. T. 1917. The Age of the Maitai Series of New Zealand. Geol. Mag. 4, 5364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trümpy, R. 1960. Über die Perm-Trias Grenz in Ostgrønland und die Problematik stratigraphischer Grenzen. Geol. Rdsch. 49, 20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trümpy, R. 1969. Lower Triassic Ammonites from Jameson Land (East Greenland). Meddr.Grønland. 168 (2), 81116, 2 pl.Google Scholar
Waagen, W. 1872. On the occurrence of Ammonites, associated with Ceratites and Goniatites in the Carboniferous deposits of the Salt Range. Mem. Ind. geol. Surv., 9, 351–8.Google Scholar
Waagen, W. 1879. Salt Range Fossils, part 1. Pisces and Cephalopoda. Ind. geol. Surv. Palaeont. ser. 13, 1, 179.Google Scholar
Waagen, W. 1887. Salt Range Fossils Productus Limestone Fossils. Mem. geol. Surv. Ind. Palaeont.Indica ser. 15, 1 (1), 1183, 16 pls.Google Scholar
Wanner, J. 1932. Beitrage zuer Paleontologie des Ostindischen Archipels. III. Zur kenntnis der permischen Ammonoideenfauna von Timor. Neues Jb. Miner. Geol. Palaeont. Beil. 67B, 257–78.Google Scholar
Waterhouse, J. B. 1964a. A Permian ammonoid from New Zealand. Jl Paleont. 38, 149–50.Google Scholar
Waterhouse, J. B. 1964b. Permian stratigraphy and faunas of New Zealand. Bull. N.Z. geol. Surv. 72, 1101.Google Scholar
Waterhouse, J. B. 1966. Lower Carboniferous and Upper Permian Brachiopods from Nepal. Jb. Geol. Bundesanst. Sond. 12, 599.Google Scholar
Waterhouse, J. B. 1967. Upper Permian (Tatarian) Brachiopods from New Zealand. N.Z. Jl Geol. Geophys. 10 (1), 74118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterhouse, J. B. 1969. World Correlations of New Zealand Permian Stages. N.Z. Jl Geol. Geophys. 12, 501–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterhouse, J. B. 1972a. A Permian overtoniid brachiopod in early Triassic sediments of Axel Heiberg Island, and its implications on the Permian-Triassic boundary. Can. Jl Earth Sci. 9 (5), 486–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterhouse, J. B. 1972b. The evolution, correlation, and paleogeographic significance of the Permian ammonoid family Cyclolobidae Zittel. Lethaia 5, 251–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar