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The Relation Between Magmatic Cycles and Orogenic Epochs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

J. H. F. Umbgrove
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Extract

Holmes, Kossmat, and Hess have independently pointed out that basic to ultrabasic rocks are characteristic of the axes of geosynclines, whereas acid rocks do not occur at that stage of development. Conversely, acid intrusives enter after the contents of the geosyncline have been folded. A short time ago an exhaustive summary of this subject was given both by Bucher and Rittmann.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Geological Magazine , Volume 76 , Issue 10 , October 1939 , pp. 444 - 450
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1939

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References

page 444 note 1 Holmes, A., The Origin of Igneous Rocks, Geol. Mag., LXIX, 1932, 553.Google Scholar

page 444 note 2 Kossmat, F., Der ophiolitische Magmagürtel in den Kettengebirgen des Mediterranen Systems, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. d. Wissensch., xxiv, 1937, 308–325.Google Scholar

page 444 note 3 Hess, H. H., A Primary Peridotite Magma, Amer. Journ. Sci., xxxv, 1938, 321–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 444 note 4 Bucher, W. H., The Deformation of the Earth's Crust, Princeton University Press, 1933.Google Scholar

page 444 note 5 Rittmann, A., Vulkane und ihre Tätigkeit, 1936, pp. 169–170.Google Scholar

page 445 note 1 Eskola, P., Wie ist die Anordnung der äusseren Erdsphären nach der Dichte Zustande gekommen? Geol. Rundschau, 27, 1936, 61–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 445 note 2 Daly, R. A., Architecture of the Earth, 1938. For note 3 see p. 446.Google Scholar

page 445 note 3 See e.g. Kraus, E., Das Wachstum der Kontinente nach der Zyklustheorie, Geol. Rundschau, 19, 1928, 353–386; 481–493CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Staub, R., Der Bewegungs-mechanismus der Erde, 1928, p. 243Google Scholar. van Bemmelen, R. W., The undation theory of the development of the earth's crust, Rept. XVI Internat. Geol. Congress, 1933 (1935).Google Scholar

page 446 note 1 Daly, Cf., op. cit., 1938, p. 190Google Scholar, and Daly, R. A., The roots of volcanoes, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, Rept. General Assembly, 1938, pp. 35–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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page 447 note 1 Bucher, , op. cit., pp. 214–16.Google Scholar

page 447 note 2 Vening, F. A., Umbgrove, Meineez J. H. F., and Kuenen, Ph. H., Gravity Expeditions at Sea, vol. ii, 1934. Publication of the Setherlands Geodetic Commission, p. 119.Google Scholar

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page 447 note 7 Bucher, , op. cit., 260–6; 289.Google Scholar

page 448 note 1 Hess, , op. cit., 1938, 334.Google Scholar

page 448 note 2 Daly, 1938, p. 190, fig. 151.

page 449 note 1 Op. cit., 372–383.Google Scholar

page 449 note 2 Rittmann, A., Ueber die Herkunft der vulkanischen Energie und die Entstehung des Sials, Geol. Rundschau, 30, 1939, 52–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Geologic en Mijnbouw, 1939, 137–147.Google Scholar

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page 449 note 8 Umbgrove, J. H. F., On Rhythms in the History of the Earth, Geol. Mag., LXXVI, 1939, 116–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 450 note 1 Kuenen, Ph. H., Quantitative estimations relating to eustatic movements, Geologie en Mijnbouw, 1939, 194–201.Google Scholar

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page 450 note 5 After this manuscript was ready to go to press, there appeared an article by W. H. Bucher, entitled, Deformation of the Earth's Crust (Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 50, 1939, 421–432). Although the groundplan of Bucher's article is entirely different from mine he reaches an analogous conclusion to the one I give in the preceding pages, viz. a pulsating rhythm in the crust of the earth. For the rest I refer the reader to his study. I applaud the fact that he has included the origin of basin-shaped structures on the continents and on the bottom of the oceans in his speculation. Up to now too little attention has been paid to these basins, which are in my opinion a characteristic just as important in the structural history of the earth as geosynclines and folded mountain-chains (see also a very recent article by H. Cloos, Hebung, Spaltung, Vulkanismus, Geol. Rundschau, 30, 4a, 1939).Google Scholar