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Identity matters: cancer stem cells and tumour plasticity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2023

Abdelhakim Salem Open the ORCID record for Abdelhakim Salem [Opens in a new window]  and
Tuula Salo
Abdelhakim Salem*
Affiliation:
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Tuula Salo
Affiliation:
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland HUS, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
*
Author for correspondence: Abdelhakim Salem, E-mail: abdelhakim.salem@helsinki.fi
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Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents frequent yet aggressive tumours that encompass complex ecosystems of stromal and neoplastic components including a dynamic population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Recently, research in the field of CSCs has gained increased momentum owing in part to their role in tumourigenicity, metastasis, therapy resistance and relapse. We provide herein a comprehensive assessment of the latest progress in comprehending CSC plasticity, including newly discovered influencing factors and their possible application in HNSCC. We further discuss the dynamic interplay of CSCs within tumour microenvironment considering our evolving appreciation of the contribution of oral microbiota and the pressing need for relevant models depicting their features. In sum, CSCs and tumour plasticity represent an exciting and expanding battleground with great implications for cancer therapy that are only beginning to be appreciated in head and neck oncology.

Keywords

cancer modelscancer stem cellsdrug resistanceEMThead and neck cancersintratumoural heterogeneitymetastasisoral microbiotaoral squamous cell carcinomatumour cell plasticity
Type
Review
Information
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine , Volume 25 , 2023 , e8
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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