Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-tn8tq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-24T06:07:54.411Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Site-specific fertilizer nitrogen management in Bt cotton using chlorophyll meter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2020

Arun Shankar ,
R. K. Gupta Open the ORCID record for R. K. Gupta [Opens in a new window]  and
Bijay-Singh
Arun Shankar
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab141004, India
R. K. Gupta*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab141004, India
Bijay-Singh
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab141004, India
*
*Corresponding author. Email: rkg1103@pau.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to standardize protocols for site-specific fertilizer nitrogen (N) management in Bt cotton using Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter. Performance of different SPAD-based site-specific N management scenarios was evaluated vis-à-vis blanket fertilizer N recommendation. The N treatments comprised a no-N (control), four fixed-time and fixed N doses (60, 90, 120, and 150 kg N ha-1) including the recommended dose (150 kg ha-1), and eight fixed-time and adjustable N doses based on critical SPAD readings of 45 and 41 at first flowering and boll formation stages, respectively. The results revealed that by applying 45 or 60 kg N ha-1 at thinning stage of the crop and critical SPAD value-guided dose of 45 or 30 kg N ha-1 at first flowering stage resulted in yields similar to that recorded by applying the recommended dose of 150 kg N ha-1. However, significantly higher N use efficiency as well as 30–40% less total fertilizer N use was recorded with site-specific N management. Applying 30 kg N ha-1 at thinning and SPAD meter-guided 45 kg N ha-1 at first flowering were not enough and required additional SPAD meter-guided 45 kg N ha-1 at boll formation for sustaining yield levels equivalent to those observed by following blanket recommendation but resulted in 20% less fertilizer N application. Our data revealed that SPAD meter-based site-specific N management in Bt cotton results in optimum yield with dynamic adjustment of fertilizer N doses at first flowering and boll formation stages. The total amount of N fertilizer following site-specific management strategies was substantially less than the blanket recommendation of 150 kg N ha-1, but the extent may vary in different fields.

Keywords

Bt cottonFertilizer nitrogenSite-specific nitrogen managementSPAD meter
Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 56 , Issue 3 , June 2020 , pp. 397 - 406
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baligar, V.C., Fageria, N.K. and He, Z.L. (2001). Nutrient use efficiency in plants. Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis 32, 921–950.10.1081/CSS-100104098CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, P.F., Boquet, D.J., Millhollon, E., Moore, S., Ebelhar, W., Mitchell, C.C., Varco, J., Funderburg, E.R., Kennedy, C., Breitenbeck, G.A., Craig, C., Holman, M., Baker, W. and McConnell, J.S. (2003). Relationships between leaf-blade nitrogen and relative seed cotton yields. Crop Science 43, 1367–1374. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2003.1367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatti, D.S. (2018). Package of practices for crops of Punjab–Kharif crops. Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India 35(1), 34–49.Google Scholar
Bijay-Singh, XX and Singh, V.K. (2017). Advances in nutrient management in rice cultivation. In Sasaki T. (ed), Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Rice, vol. 2. Cambridge: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited, pp. 25–68. doi: 10.19103/AS.2016.0003.16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boquet, D.J., Moser, E.B. and Breitenbeck, G.A. (1994). Boll weight and within-plant yield distribution in field grown cotton given different levels of nitrogen. Agronomy Journal 86, 20–26.10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600010005xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandão, Z.N., Sofiatti, V., Bezerra, J.R.C., Ferreira, G.B. and Medeiros, J.C. (2015). Spectral reflectance for growth and yield assessment of irrigated cotton. Australian Journal of Crop Science 9, 75–84.Google Scholar
Bronson, K.F., Chua, T.T., Booker, J.D., Keeling, J.W. and Lascano, R.J. (2003). In-season nitrogen status sensing in irrigated cotton. Soil Science Society of America Journal 67, 1439–1448. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2003.1439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassman, K.G., Dobermann, A. and Walters, D.T. (2002). Agroecosystems, nitrogen-use efficiency, and nitrogen management. AMBIO 31, 132–140. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cassman, K.G., Dobermann, A., Walters, D.T. and Yang, H. (2003). Meeting cereal demand while protecting natural resources and improving environmental quality. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 28, 315–358. doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.040202.122858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cate, R.B. and Nelson, L.A. (1971). A simple statistical procedure for partitioning soil test correlation data into two classes. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 35, 658–660.10.2136/sssaj1971.03615995003500040048xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, P.R. (1965). Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis. In Black, C.A. (eds), Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling, Agronomy Monographs 9. Madison (WI): American Society of Agronomy, pp. 545–567. doi: 10.2134/agronmonogr9.1.c43Google Scholar
Diacono, M., Rubino, P. and Montemurro, F. (2013). Precision nitrogen management of wheat: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 33, 219–241. doi: 10.1007/s13593-012-0111-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gangaiah, B., Ahlawat, I.P.S. and Babu, M.B.B.P. (2013). Response of nitrogen fertilization on Bt and non-Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrids. SAARC Journal of Agriculture 11, 121–132.10.3329/sja.v11i1.18389CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, M.L. (1973). Soil Chemical Analysis. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India.Google Scholar
Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Han, W., Tang, A., Shen, J., Cui, Z., Vitousek, P., Erisman, J.W., Goulding, K., Christie, P., Fangmeier, A. and Zang, F. (2013). Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China. Nature 494, 459–462.10.1038/nature11917CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macdonald, B.C.T., Chang, Y.F., Nadelko, A., Tuomi, S. and Glover, M. (2017). Tracking fertiliser and soil nitrogen in irrigated cotton: Uptake, losses and the soil N stock. Soil Research 55, 264–272. doi: 10.1071/SR16167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, S.R., Coleman, C.W., Watnabe, F.S. and Dean, L.A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus with sodium bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture Circular. 939: 19.Google Scholar
Oosterhuis, D.M., Chipamaunga, J. and Bate, G.C. (1983). Nitrogen uptake of field grown cotton I. Distribution in plant components in relation to fertilization and yield. Experimental Agriculture 19, 91–101. doi: 10.1017/S0014479700010553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patil, P.N., Gangaiah, B. and Shivakumar, B.G. (2013). Performance of BG1 and BGII cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrids under different levels and methods of nitrogen fertilization. Journal of Agri-Food and Applied Sciences 1(4), 104–109.Google Scholar
Rochester, I.J. (Ed) (2001). NUTRIpak: A Practical Guide to Cotton Nutrition. Narrabri, NSW, Australia: Australian Cotton Cooperative Research Centre.Google Scholar
Schils, R., Verhagen, A., Aarts, H., Kuikman, P. and Šebek, L. (2006). Effect of improved nitrogen management on greenhouse gas emissions from intensive dairy systems in the Netherlands. Global Change Biology 12, 382–391. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01090.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shankar, A., Gupta, R.K. and Bijay-Singh, (2019). Establishing indicator leaf and its threshold values for need based nitrogen management using chlorophyll meter and leaf color chart in Bt cotton. Journal of Plant Nutrition 42, 186–201. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2018.1551492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varinderpal-Singh, , Bijay-Singh, , Yadvinder-Singh, , Thind, H.S. and Gupta, R.K. (2010). Need based nitrogen management using the chlorophyll meter and leaf colour chart in rice and wheat in South Asia: a review. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 88, 361–380. doi: 10.1007/s10705-010-9363-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varinderpal-Singh, , Yadvinder-Singh, , Bijay-Singh, , Baldev-Singh, , Gupta, R.K., Jagmohan-Singh, , Ladha, J.K. and Balasubramanian, V. (2007). Performance of site-specific nitrogen management for irrigated transplanted rice in northwestern India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 53, 567–579. doi: 10.1080/03650340701568971.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walkley, A. (1947. A critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soils—effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Science 63, 251–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, C.W., Tracy, P.W., Reeves, D.W. and Edmisten, K.L. (1992). Determination of cotton nitrogen status with a hand held chlorophyll meter. Journal of Plant Nutrition 15, 1435–1448.10.1080/01904169209364409CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, F.B, Wu, L.H. and Xu, F.H. (1998). Chlorophyll meter to predict nitrogen sidedress requirements for short-season cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Field Crops Research 56, 309–314.Google Scholar
Yoshida, S., Forno, D.A., Cock, D.H. and Gomez, K.A. (1976). Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice, 3rd Edn. Los Banos, Laguna, Phillipines: International Rice Research Institute.Google Scholar
Zhang, D., Li, W., Xin, C., Tang, W., Eneji, A.E. and Dong, H. (2012). Lint yield and nitrogen use efficiency of field-grown cotton vary with soil salinity and nitrogen application rate. Field Crops Research 138, 63–70.10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.013CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, B. and Oosterhuis, D.M. (1992). Nitrogen distribution within a sympodial branch of cotton. Journal of Plant Nutrition 15, 1–14.10.1080/01904169209364297CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Shankar et al. supplementary material

Shankar et al. supplementary material

Download Shankar et al. supplementary material(File)
File 439.9 KB