No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Effect of tillage frequency, seed rate, and glyphosate application on teff and weeds in Tigray, Ethiopia
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 September 2022
Summary
Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of tillage frequency, seed rate, and glyphosate on teff and weeds. The experiments were arranged in a split plot design with three replications consisting of tillage frequency (conventional, minimum, and zero tillage) as the main plot and the combination of seed rate (5, 15, and 25 kg ha−1) and glyphosate (with and without) as subplots. Results showed that zero tillage reduced teff biomass yield by 15% compared to minimum tillage and by 26% compared to conventional tillage. Zero tillage and minimum tillage also diminished grain yield by 21% and 13%, respectively, compared to conventional tillage. Lowering the seed rate to 5 kg ha−1 reduced biomass yield by 22% and 26% compared to 15 and 25 kg ha−1, respectively. It also reduced the grain yield by around 21% compared to 15 and 25 kg ha−1 seed rates. Conventional tillage significantly diminished weed density, dry weight, and cover by 19%, 29%, and 33%, respectively, compared to zero tillage. The highest seed rate significantly reduced total weed density, dry weight, and cover by 18%, 19%, and 15%, respectively, compared to the lowest seed rate. Glyphosate did not affect weed density but reduced weed dry weight by 14% and cover by 15%. Generally, sowing teff using minimum tillage combined with glyphosate application and seed rate of 15 kg ha−1 enhanced its productivity and minimized weed effects.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press
References
Amare, A. and Adane, L. (2015). Determination of seed rate and variety on the growth and yield of teff in Eastern Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 5, 27–33.Google Scholar
Assefa, A., Liben, M., Tadesse, T. and Yeshalem, B. (2008). The effect of tillage frequency and weed control on yield of tef (Eragrostis tef) in Yielmana-Densa Area, northwestern Ethiopia. East African Journal of Science 2, 35–40.Google Scholar
Assefa, G., Theodrose, T. and Alemu, D. (2016). Quantitative determination of weed occurrence on upland rice of Bambasi, Ethiopia. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 1, 53–56.Google Scholar
Astatke, A., Jabbar, M. and Tanner, D. (2003). Participatory conservation tillage research: an experience with minimum tillage on an Ethiopian highland Vertisol. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 95, 401–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aune, J.B., Matewos, T. B., Fenta, G.A. and Abyie, A.A.(2001). The OX ploughing system in Ethiopia: can it be sustained? Outlook on Agriculture 30, 275–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balesh, T, Aune, J.B., Johnsen, F.H. and Vanlauwe, B. (2008). The prospects of reduced tillage in tef (Eragrostis tef Zucca) in Gare Arera, West Shawa Zone of Oromiya, Ethiopia. Soil and Tillage Research 99, 58–65.Google Scholar
Bekalu, A and Arega, A. (2016). Effect of seed rate on yield and yield components of Tef (Eragrostic tef) Trotter) at Shebedino, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 6, 6–11.Google Scholar
Bergkvist, G., Ringselle, B., Magnuski, E., Mangerud, K. and Brandsæter, L. O. (2017). Control of Elymus repens by rhizome fragmentation and repeated mowing in a newly established white clover sward. Weed Research 57, 172–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boerboom, C. and Owen, M. (2013). Glyphosate-Resistant Weed,. USA: Purdue Extension, p. 8.Google Scholar
Brandsæter, L.O., Bakken, A.K., Mangerud, K., Riley, H., Eltun, R. and Fykse, H.(2011). Effects of tractor weight, wheel placement and depth of ploughing on the infestation of perennial weeds in organically farmed cereals. European Journal of Agronomy 34, 239–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brookes, G., Taheripour, F. and Tyner, W. E. (2017). The contribution of glyphosate to agriculture and potential impact of restrictions on use at the global level. GM Crops & Food 8, 216–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CSA. (2016). Agricultural Sample Survey 2015/2016 (2008E.C): Report on Area, Production and Farm Management Practice on Belg Season Crops for Private Peasant Holdings. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Central Statistical Agency, pp. 1–131.Google Scholar
Deckers, J.A., Nachtergaele, F.O. and Spaargaren, O.C. (1998). World Reference Base for Soil Resource: Introduction. Belgium: Acco Leuven/Amersfoort, p. 165.Google Scholar
Duke, O.S. and Powles, B.S. (2009). Glyphosate-resistant crops and weeds: now and in the future. AgBioForum 12, 346–357.Google Scholar
Esayas, T., Abraham, G.H. and Mashila, D. (2013). Weed interference in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the middle Awash, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 4, 41–49.Google Scholar
Fufa, H, Tesfa, B, Hailu, T, Kebebew, A., Tiruneh, K., Aberra, D. and Seyfu, K. (2001). Agronomy research in tef. In HAILU, T., GETACHEW, B. and MARK, E.S. (eds), Narrowing the Rift: Tef Research and Development. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Tef Genetics and Improvement. DebreZeit, Ethiopia: DebreZeit Agricultural Research Center, pp. 167–176.Google Scholar
Habtegebrial, K, Singh, B and Haile, M (2007). Impact of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on yield, nitrogen use efficiency of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) and soil properties. Soil and Tillage Research 94, 55–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haftamu, G, Mitiku, H and Yamoah, C.F. (2009). Tillage frequency, soil compaction and N-fertilizer rate effects on yield of teff (Eragrostis Tef (Zucc) Trotter) in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Momona Ethiopian Journal of Sciences 1, 82–94.Google Scholar
Heap, I.M. (1997). The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide. Pest Management Science 51, 235–243.3.0.CO;2-N>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IFPRI. (2006). Atlas of the Ethiopian Rural Economy. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Food Policy Research Institute and Central Statistical Agency, p. 108.Google Scholar
ISHRW. (2013). Herbicide Resistant Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) [Online]. USA, Arkansas: International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Available at http://www.weedscience.org/Details/Case.aspx?ResistID=6752 [Accessed December 25 2017].Google Scholar
IUSS Working Group WRB. (2015). World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, Update 2015 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, p. 203.Google Scholar
Jaccard, P (1912). The distribution of the flora in the alpine zone. New phytologist 11, 37–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, W.G. and Gibson, K.D. (2006). Glyphosate-resistant weeds and resistance management strategies: an Indiana grower perspective. Weed Technology 20, 768–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kassahun, Z and Tebkew, D (2013). Weed research in Tef. In Kebebew, A., Solomon, C. and Zerihun, T. (eds), Achievements and Prospects of Tef Improvement. Stämpfli AG, 3001. Bern, Switzerland: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland, p. 379.Google Scholar
Ketema, S. (1997). Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter): Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops. Rome, Italy: Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, p. 53.Google Scholar
Korres, N.E. and Froud-Williams, R. J. (2002). Effects of winter wheat cultivars and seed rate on the biological characteristics of naturally occurring weed flora. Weed Research 42, 417–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristensen, L., Olsen, J. and Weiner, J. (2008). Crop density, sowing pattern, and nitrogen fertilization effects on weed suppression and yield in spring wheat. Weed Science 56, 97–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leye, M.T. (2007). Conservation Tillage Systems and Water Productivity-Implications for Smallholder Farmers in Semi-Arid Ethiopia: PhD, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education. Delft, The Netherlands: CRC Press, p. 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mupangwa, W., Mutenje, M., Thierfelder, C. and Nyagumbo, I. (2017). Are conservation agriculture (CA) systems productive and profitable options for smallholder farmers in different agro-ecoregions of Zimbabwe? Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, 87–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nandula, V.K., Reddy, K.N., Duke, S. and Poston, D.H. (2005). Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds: Current Status and Future Outlook. Outlooks on Pest Management 16, 183–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neli, R.-A., María, J.A. and Verónica, B.R. (2017). Effect of glyphosate application on soil quality and health under natural and zero tillage field conditions. Soil Environment 36, 141–154.Google Scholar
Nichols, V., Verhulst, N., Cox, R. and Govaerts, B. (2015). Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: a review. Field Crops Research 183, 56–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NMA. (2017). Annual Weather Report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: National Meteorological Agency.Google Scholar
Nyssen, J., Poesen, J., Haile, M., Moeyersons, J. and Deckers, J. (2000). Tillage erosion on slopes with soil conservation structures in the Ethiopian highlands. Soil and Tillage Research 57, 115–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, J., Kristensen, L., Weiner, J. and Griepentrog, H.W. (2005). Increased density and spatial uniformity increase weed suppression by spring wheat. Weed Research 45, 316–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, J. and Weiner, J. (2007). The influence of Triticum aestivum density, sowing pattern and nitrogen fertilization on leaf area index and its spatial variation. Basic and Applied Ecology 8, 252–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, J.M., Griepentrog, H.-W., Nielsen, J. and Weiner, J. (2012). How important are crop spatial pattern and density for weed suppression by spring wheat? Weed Science 60, 501–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powles, S.B. (2008a). Evolution in action: glyphosate-resistant weeds threaten world crops. Outlooks on Pest Management 19, 256–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powles, S.B. (2008b). Evolved glyphosate-resistant weeds around the world: lessons to be learnt. Pest Management Science 64, 360–365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rezene, F. and Zerihun, T. (2001). Weed research in Tef. In Hailu, T., Getachew, B. and Mark, E.S. (eds), Narrowing the Rift: Tef Research and Development. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Tef Genetics and Improvement. DebreZeit, Ethiopia: DebreZeit Agricultural Research Center, pp. 201–213.Google Scholar
Sakatu, H. and Adane, B. (2017). Evaluation of fertilizer and seed rate effect on yield and yield component of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] on Vertisols in central high-lands of Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 7, 25–31.Google Scholar
Salem, H.M., Valero, C., Muñoz, M.Á., Rodríguez, M.G. and Silva, L.L. (2015). Short-term effects of four tillage practices on soil physical properties, soil water potential, and maize yield. Geoderma 237–238, 60–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santín-Montanyá, I. and Catalán, G. (2006). Effect of the tillage systems on weed flora composition. In Cantero-Martínez, C. and Arrue Ugarte, J.L. (eds), Troisièmes rencontres méditerranéennes du semis direct (Third meeting on direct seeding). Zaragoza: CIHEAM, pp. 143–147.Google Scholar
Santín-Montanyá, M., Catalán, G., Tenor,
io, J.L. and García-Baudín, M.J. (2018). Effect of the Tillage Systems on Weed Flora Composition. Options Mediterraneennes, Serie A, Numero 69, 143–147.Google Scholar
Seneshaw, T., Minten, B., Alemu, D. and Bachewe, F. (2017). The Rapid expansion of herbicide use in smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia: patterns, drivers, and implications. The European Journal of Development Research 29, 628–647.Google Scholar
Sime, G., Aune, J.B. and Mohammed, H. (2015). Agronomic and economic response of tillage and water conservation management in maize, central rift valley in Ethiopia. Soil and Tillage Research 148, 20–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanton, C.J., David, R.C. and Douglas, A.D.(1993). Weed succession under conservation tillage: a hierarchical framework for research and management. Weed Technology 7, 286–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarekegne, A., Gebre, A., Tanner, D.G. and Mandefro, C. (1996). Effect of tillage systems and fertilizer levels on continuous wheat production in central Ethiopia. In Tanner, D.G., Payne, T.S. and Abdalla, O.S. (eds), Proceeding of The Ninth Regional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: CIMMYT, pp. 56–63.Google Scholar
Taye, T. and Yohanes, L. (1998). Qualitative and quantitative determination of weeds in tef in West Shewa Zone. Arem (Ethiopia) 4, 46–60.Google Scholar
Teamti, T. and Tesfay, A. (2016). Farmers’ perception on glyphosate application in conservation agriculture system of northern Ethiopia. International Journal of African and Asian Studies 17, 31–35.Google Scholar
Teklay, T. and Girmay, G. (2016). Agronomic and economic evaluations of compound fertilizer applications under different planting methods and seed rates of tef [eragrostis tef (zucc.) trotter] in northern Ethiopia. Journal of the Drylands 6, 409–422.Google Scholar
Tesfa, B., Solomon, J., Yifru, A., Minale, L. and Waga, M. (2013). Crop management research for tef. In Kebebew, A., Solomon, C. and Zerihun, T. (eds), Achievements and Prospects of Tef Improvement: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop, November 7–9, 2011, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. Stämpfli AG, 3001 Bern, Switzerland: Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland, p. 379.Google Scholar
Tesfahunegn, G. B. (2015). Short-term effects of tillage practices on soil properties under Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc. Trotter)] crop in northern Ethiopia. Agricultural Water Management 148, 241–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tigist, O., Cornelis, W.M., Verplancke, H., Nyssen, J., Govaerts, B., Behailu, M., Haile, M. and Deckers, J. (2010). Short-term effects of conservation agriculture on Vertisols under tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) in the northern Ethiopian highlands. Soil and Tillage Research 106, 294–302.Google Scholar
Tørresen, K.S., Skuterud, R., Tandsæther, H.J. and Hagemo, M.B. (2003). Long-term experiments with reduced tillage in spring cereals. I. Effects on weed flora, weed seedbank and grain yield. Crop Protection 22, 185–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townley-Smith, L. and Wright, A.T. (1994). Field pea cultivar and weed response to crop seed rate in western Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, 387–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gebrehiwot et al. supplementary material
Figure S1
PDF
496.7 KB
Gebrehiwot et al. supplementary material
Tables S1-S5
File
36.3 KB