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Un modelo animal para el estudio de las bases genéticas del comportamiento en los seres humanos: las cepas con marcadores múltiples (CMM)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

Y. Clément
Affiliation:
UMR 7593, Hospital Pitié-Salpĕtrière, 91, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75634Paris Cedex 13, FRANCIA
E. Lepicard
Affiliation:
UMR 7593, Hospital Pitié-Salpĕtrière, 91, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75634Paris Cedex 13, FRANCIA
G. Chapouthier
Affiliation:
UMR 7593, Hospital Pitié-Salpĕtrière, 91, boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75634Paris Cedex 13, FRANCIA
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Resumen

Los modelos animales se utilizan a menudo para la investigación preclínica en la neurobiología de los trastornos psiquiátricos. Mientras que muchos se emplean para la detección selectiva de nue-vos agentes terapéuticos, algunos de ellos se usan para estudiar las bases genéticas de las enfermedades psiquiátricas, probablemente a causa del complejo determinismo genético que subyace a rasgos cuanti-tativos del comportamiento como el estado de ánimo, la personalidad o la inteligencia. El presente artículo presenta una breve revisión que introduce un modelo de análisis que usa ratones: el modelo de cepas con marcadores. Utilizando este modelo es posible mostrar datos de determinismo genético y localizar algunos de los fragmentos cromosómicos implicados en la regulación de los procesos ansiogénicos. El modelo no puede determinar con precisión la posición de uno o más genes en la actualidad, pero proporciona un medio valioso de explorar el genoma de modo aproximado. Por medio del análisis genético, se intentarán identificar utilizando el modelo fragmentos autosómicos que pueden estar implicados en dos rasgos del comportamiento: la ansiedad y las crisis inducidas por productos químicos. En este artículo, después de revisar los aspectos teóricos de la búsqueda de los genes implicados en el comportamiento, introduciremos sucesivamente estudios en materias genéticas en trabajos de psiquiatna humana, y además estudios de comportamiento animal apropiados. Luego presentaremos un modelo genético en ratones, las cepas con marcadores múltiples, que nos permite localizar fragmentos cromosómicos asociados con un rasgo del comportamiento.

Type
Artículo original
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2001

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References

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