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Dependencia del alcohol y orientación del rol de género

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

A.M. Moller-Leimkühler ,
R. Schwarzy ,
W. Burtscheidt  and
W. Gaebel
A.M. Moller-Leimkühler
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Ludwig-Maximilians, Nußbaumstr. 7, D-80336Munich, Alemania
R. Schwarzy
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Ludwig-Maximilians, Nußbaumstr. 7, D-80336Munich, Alemania
W. Burtscheidt
Affiliation:
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Ludwig-Maximilians, Nußbaumstr. 7, D-80336Munich, Alemania
W. Gaebel
Affiliation:
departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Heinrich-Heine, Bergische Landstr. 2, D-40605Düsseidorf, Alemania
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Resumen

Objetivo:

Se supone que el aumento global del alcoholismo femenino está asociado con el cambio del rol femenino tradicional, y se ve especialmente como consecuencia de la convergencia de los roles o los conflictos de los roles de género. El propósito del presente estudio piloto es explorar si el enfoque de la orientación del rol de género contribuiría de manera empíricamente útil a estas hipótesis.

Método:

Se exploró después de la destoxificación a 112 pacientes con dependencia del alcohol que cumplían los criterios del DSM-III-R; la orientación del rol de género se midió por una versión alemana del “Cuestionario de Atributos Personales Ampliado”, que clasifica la orientación del rol de género en cuatro subgrupos: masculino, femenino, andrógino e indiferenciado.

Resultados:

En comparación con una muestra basada en la población, hay diferencias significativas en la distribución de los cuatro subgrupos de orientación del rol de género, que muestran un predomino del autoconcepto indiferenciado en la muestra alcohólica (49%). Las mujeres alcohólicas se describen a sí mismas como más bien indiferenciadas, y más bien femeninas que masculinas. La masculinidad y la feminidad bajas, así como la feminidad alta, correlacionan positivamente con el sufrimiento, la depresividad, la ansiedad social, la inseguridad y los trastornos concomitantes de la personalidad.

Conclusión:

Nuestros datos no apoyan la hipótesis de la convergencia relacionada con la orientación del rol de género, pero apoyan el autoconcepto femenino tradicional como factor de riesgo inespecífico para la vulnerabilidad. Se debate la cuestión de si un autoconcepto indiferenciado podría ser un factor de riesgo específico para el alcoholismo.

Keywords

dependencia del alcoholfeminidadgéneroorientación del rol de géneromasculinidad
Type
Artículo original
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 9 , Issue 4 , May 2002 , pp. 215 - 223

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