Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-skm99 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T14:44:43.164Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The transposition of European law in EU member states: between process and politics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2010

Bernard Steunenberg*
Affiliation:
Institute of Public Administration, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
Mark Rhinard*
Affiliation:
Europe Research Program, Swedish Institute of International Affairs, Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

This paper illuminates a critical stage of the implementation of European law: the transposition of European Union (EU) directives. Directives must be transposed into national policies in order to give effect to European law, yet most national authorities experience considerable transposition difficulties. For this reason, the study of transposition has become a focal point within the broader research agenda on non-compliance in the European Union. Highlighting several popular explanatory variables but noting the sometimes contradictory results that follow from empirical testing, this paper outlines an approach that views transposition as a process taking place largely within ministerial agencies rather than across government systems. By using variables related to these domestic processes in our empirical analysis, the paper shows how such an approach can help to explain the way in which member states transpose EU directives.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © European Consortium for Political Research 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Berglund, S., Gange, I.van Waarden, F. (2006), ‘Mass production of law. Routinization in the transposition of European directives: a sociological-institutional account’, Journal of European Public Policy 13: 692716.Google Scholar
Berglund, S. (2009), Putting Politics into Perspective: A Study of the Implementation of EU Public Utilities Directives, Utrecht: University of Utrecht (PhD thesis).Google Scholar
Bergman, T., Müller, W.C., Strøm, K.Blomgren, M. (2003), ‘Democratic delegation and accountability: cross-national patterns’, in K. Strøm, W. C. Müller and T. Bergman (eds), Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 109220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blondel, J.Müller-Rommel, F. (eds) (1993), Governing Together: The Extent and Limits of Joint Decision-Making in Western European Cabinets, New York: St Martin’s Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borghetto, E., Franchino, F.Giannetti, D. (2006), ‘Complying with the transposition deadlines of EU directives: evidence from Italy’, Rivista Italiana di Politiche Pubbliche 5: 738.Google Scholar
Börzel, T.A. (2001), ‘Non-compliance in the European Union: pathology or statistical artifact?’, Journal of European Public Policy 8: 803824.Google Scholar
Börzel, T.A., Hofmann, T.Sprungk, C. (2004), Why do States Not Obey the law? Non-Compliance in the European Union, Heidelberg: University of Heidelberg. Mimeo.Google Scholar
Börzel, T.A., Risse, T. (2000), ‘When Europe hits home: Europeanization and domestic change. European integration online papers (EIoP) 4: 25’. Retrieved 16 February 2010 from http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2000-015a.htmGoogle Scholar
Bovens, M.A.P., Yesilkagit, K. (2005) De invloed van Europese richtlijnen op de Nederlandse wetgever. Nederlands Juristenblad 11 March 2005: 520–528.Google Scholar
Box-Steffensmeier, J.M.Jones, B.S. (2004), Event History Modeling: A Guide for Social Scientists, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christiansen, T. (2006), ‘The European Commission: the European executive between continuity and change’, in J. Richardson (ed.), European Union: Power and Policy-Making, London: Routledge, pp. 135154.Google Scholar
Dimitrova, A.L.Steunenberg, B. (2000), ‘The search for convergence of national policies in the European Union: an impossible quest?’, European Union Politics 1: 201226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Commission (2009), Internal Market Scoreboard no. 19, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Retrieved 16 February 2010 from http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/score/index_en.htmscoreGoogle Scholar
Falkner, G., Hartlapp, M., Leiber, S.Treib, O. (2002), Transforming Social Policy in Europe? The EC’s Parental Leave Directive and Misfit in the 15 Member States, Köln: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (Working Paper 02/11).Google Scholar
Falkner, G., Treib, O., Hartlapp, M.Leiber, S. (2005), Complying with Europe? The Impact of EU Minimum Harmonization and Soft Law in the Member States, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Farrell, H.Héritier, A. (2003), ‘Formal and informal institutions under codecision: continuous Constitution-building in Europe’, Governance 16: 577600.Google Scholar
Farrell, H.Héritier, A. (2004), ‘Interorganizational negotiation and intraorganizational power in shared decision making: early agreements under codecision and their impact on the European Parliament and Council’, Comparative Political Studies 37: 11841212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franchino, F.Høyland, B. (2009), ‘Legislative involvement in Parliamentary systems: opportunities, conflict, and institutional constraints’, American Political Science Review 103: 607621.Google Scholar
Graver, H.P. (2002), National implementation of EU law and the shaping of European administrative policy. Oslo: Arena Working Papers WP 02/17.Google Scholar
Giuliani, M. (2003), ‘Europeanization in comparative perspective: institutional fit and national adaptation’, in K. Featherstone and C. Radaelli (eds), The Politics of Europeanization, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 134155.Google Scholar
Haverland, M. (2000), ‘National adaptation to the European Union: the importance of institutional veto points’, Journal of Public Policy 20: 83103.Google Scholar
Haverland, M.Romeijn, M. (2007), ‘Do member states make European policies work? Analysing the EU transposition deficit’, Public Administration 85: 757778.Google Scholar
Héritier, A. (1996), ‘The accommodation of diversity in European policy-making and its outcomes: regulatory policy as a patchwork’, Journal of European Public Policy 3: 149176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Héritier, A. (1999), Policy-making and Diversity in Europe: Escape from Deadlock, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Héritier, A., Kerwer, D., Knill, C., Lehmkuhl, D., Teutsch, M.Douillet, A.C. (2001), Differential Europe: The European Union Impact on National Policymaking, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Jenny, M., Müller, W.C. (2005), ‘Delors’ vision and the sobering reality of Europeanizing the legal order: an Austrian perspective’. Paper presented at the 33rd Joint Sessions of ECPR, April 14–19, in Granada, Spain.Google Scholar
Jensen, C.B. (2007), ‘Implementing Europe: a question of oversight’, European Union Politics 8: 451477.Google Scholar
Kaeding, M. (2006), ‘Determinants of transposition delay in the European Union’, Journal of Public Policy 26(3): 229253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaeding, M. (2007), Better Regulation in the European Union: Lost in Translation or Full Steam Ahead? The Transposition of EU Transport Directives across Member States, Leiden: Leiden University Press (E.M. Meijers Institute of Legal Studies of Leiden University).Google Scholar
Knill, C. (1998), ‘European policies: the impact of national administrative traditions’, Journal of Public Policy 18: 128.Google Scholar
Knill, C., Lehmkuhl, D. (1999) How Europe matters: different mechanisms of Europeanization. European Integration Online Papers (EIoP), 3: 7.Google Scholar
Knill, C.Lenschow, A. (1998), ‘Coping with Europe: the impact of British and German administrations on the implementation of EU environmental policy’, Journal of European Public Policy 5: 595615.Google Scholar
Knill, C.Lenschow, A. (eds) (2000), Implementing EU Environmental Policy: New Directions and Old Problems, Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
König, T.Luetgert, B. (2009), ‘Troubles with transposition? Explaining trends in member state notification and the delayed transposition of EU directives’, British Journal of Political Science 39: 163194.Google Scholar
Lampinen, R.Uusikylä, P. (1998), ‘Implementation deficit: why member states do not comply with EU directives?’, Scandinavian Political Studies 21: 231251.Google Scholar
Linos, K. (2007), ‘How can international organizations shape national welfare states? Evidence from compliance with European Union directives’, Comparative Political Studies 40: 547570.Google Scholar
Mastenbroek, E. (2003), ‘Surviving the deadline: the transposition of EU directives in the Netherlands’, European Union Politics 4: 371395.Google Scholar
Mastenbroek, E. (2007), The Politics of Compliance: Explaining the Transposition of EC Directives in the Netherlands, Wageningen: Ponsen en Looijen (PhD thesis Leiden University).Google Scholar
Mbaye, H. (2001), ‘Why national states comply with supranational law: explaining implementation infringements in the European Union 1972–1993’, European Union Politics 2: 259281.Google Scholar
Mbaye, H. (2003), ‘Compliance in the European Union: administrative and judicial phase policy implementation barriers, 1960 to 1999’. Paper presented at the ECPR General Conference, September 18–20, Marburg, Germany.Google Scholar
Perkins, R.Neumayer, E. (2007), ‘Do membership benefits by regulatory compliance? An empirical analysis of EU directives 1978-99’, European Union Politics 8: 180206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, G.Wright, V. (2006), ‘The National Coordination of European policy-making: negotiating the quagmire’, in J. Richardson (ed.), European Union: Power and Policy-Making, London: Routledge, pp. 155178.Google Scholar
Risse, T., Cowles, M.G.Caporaso, J. (2001), ‘Europeanization and domestic change: introduction’, in M.G. Cowles, J. Caporaso and T. Risse (eds), Transforming Europe: Europeanization and Domestic Change, Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Romeijn, M. (2008), Compliance with EU Social Policy: Work in Progress, Nijmegen: Radboud University Nijmegen (PhD thesis).Google Scholar
Schmidt, M. (1996), ‘When parties matter: a review of the possibilities and limits of partisan influence on public policy’, European Journal of Political Research 30: 155183.Google Scholar
Steunenberg, B. (2006), ‘Turning swift policy making into deadlock and delay: national policy coordination and the transposition of EU directives’, European Union Politics 7: 293319.Google Scholar
Steunenberg, B. (2007), ‘A policy solution to the EU directives’ transposition puzzle: interaction of interests in different domestic arenas’, West European Politics 30: 2349.Google Scholar
Steunenberg, B.Kaeding, M. (2009), ‘ “As time goes by”: explaining the transposition of maritime directives’, European Journal for Political Research 48: 432454.Google Scholar
Steunenberg, B.Voermans, W. (2006), The Transposition of EU Directives: A Comparative Study of Instruments, Techniques and Processes in Six Member States, Leiden: Leiden University/WODC.Google Scholar
Sverdrup, U. (2004), ‘Compliance and conflict management in the European Union: Nordic exceptionalism’, Scandinavian Political Studies 27: 2343.Google Scholar
Tallberg, J. (2002), ‘Paths to compliance: enforcement, management, and the European Union’, International Organization 56: 609643.Google Scholar
Thomson, R. (2007), ‘Time to comply: national responses to six EU labor market directives revisited’, West European Politics 30: 9871008.Google Scholar
Thomson, R., Torenvlied, R.Arregui, J. (2007), ‘The paradox of compliance: infringements and delays in transposing European Union Directives’, British Journal of Political Science 37: 685709.Google Scholar
Toshkov, D. (2009), Between Politics and Administration: Compliance with EU Law in Central and Eastern Europe, Leiden: Leiden University (PhD manuscript).Google Scholar
Tsebelis, G. (2002), Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press/Russell Sage Foundation.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsebelis, G. (2005), ‘Veto players data’. Retrieved 16 February 2010 from http://sitemaker.umich.edu/tsebelis/veto_players_dataGoogle Scholar