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Under the influence? The Alcohol Industry's Involvement in the Implementation of Advertising Bans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Oliver Bartlett
Oliver Bartlett*
Affiliation:
Durham Law School
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Type
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Information
European Journal of Risk Regulation , Volume 4 , Issue 3 , September 2013 , pp. 383 - 388
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013

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References

1 Health First: an evidence based alcohol strategy for the UK (The University of Stirling 2013) http://www.stir.ac.uk/management/about/social-marketing (last accessed on 18 March 2012).

2 Ibid., at p. 26.

3 Anderson, Peter, Møller, Lars and Galea, Gauden (eds), Alcohol in the European Union: consumption, harm and policy approaches (Copenhagen: World Health organisation Regional Office for Europe, 2012), at p. 17 Google Scholar.

4 Ibid, at p. 20.

5 Rehm, Jürgen, Room, Robin, Graham, Kathryn et al., “The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: an overview”, 98 Addiction (2003), pp. 1209 et sqq, at p. 1222CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

6 Smith, Lesley and Foxcroft, David, “The effect of alcohol advertising, marketing and portrayal on drinking behaviour in young people: systematic review of prospective cohort studies”, 9 B.M.C. Public Health (2009), pp. 51 et sqq CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; Petra Meier, “Independent review of the effects of Alcohol pricing and promotion: Part A: Systematic Reviews” (2008) available online at <http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalas-sets/documents/digitalasset/dh_091383.pdf>(last accessed on 6 August 2013); Morgenstern, Matthis et al., “Exposure to alcohol advertising and teen drinking”, 52 Preventative Medicine (2011), pp. 146 et sqq CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

7 Science Group of the European Alcohol and Health Forum, “Does marketing communication impact on the volume and patterns of consumption of alcoholic beverages, especially by young people? – a review of longitudinal studies” (2009) available on the internet at <http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_determinants/life_style/alcohol/Forum/docs/science_o01_en.pdf> (last accessed 6 August 2013).

8 Council and Parliament Directive 2010/13/EU on Audiovisual Media Services, OJ 2010 L 95/1

9 For more detail on the criticisms of Articles 9(1)(e) and 22, see the analysis in: Oliver Bartlett and Amandine Garde, “Time to seize the (red) bull by the horns: the EU's failure to protect children from alcohol and unhealthy food marketing”, EL Rev (2013), forthcoming.

10 Health First, supra note 1, at p. 27

11 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 16 June 2003, in force 27 February 2005, Geneva, available at <http://whqlib-doc.who.int/publications/2003/9241591013.pdf> (last accessed on 6 August 2013)

12 Commission Communication on An EU strategy to support Member States in reducing alcohol related harm, COM(2006)625 final, at p. 16.

13 Ibid.

14 Nick Sheron, “Alcohol in Europe: the EU Alcohol Forum”, 7 Clin Med (2007), pp. 323 et sqq, at p. 323.

15 Ibid, at p. 324.

16 European Union, “European Alcohol and Health Forum Highlights: Open Alcohol and Health Forum 23 November 2012 –Brussels” (2012) available on the Internet at <http://ec.europa.eu/health/alcohol/docs/alcohol_health_forum_highlights_en.pdf> ( last accessed on 6 August 2013).

17 Ibid, at p. 21.

18 For an independent evaluation of the effectiveness of self-regulation, see de Bruijn, Avalon, van den Wildenberg, Esther and van den Broeck, Anouk, Commercial promotion of drinking in Europe: Key findings of independent monitoring of alcohol marketing in five European countries (Utrecht: STAP, 2012), available on the internet at <http://www.eucam.info/content/bestanden/ammie-eu-rapport_final.pdf>(last accessed on 6 August 2013)Google Scholar.

19 See Home Office, The Government's Alcohol Strategy (London: Home Office 2012), at p. 7 Google Scholar.

20 Ibid, at p. 8.

21 Peter Anderson and Ben Baumberg, Alcohol in Europe: A public health perspective (London: Institute of Alcohol Studies 2006), available on the internet at http://ec.europa.eu/healtheu/news_alcoholineurope_en.htm (last accessed on 6 August 2013)

22 Baumberg, Ben and Anderson, Peter, “The European strategy on alcohol: A landmark and a lesson”, 42(1) Alcohol and Alcoholism (2007), pp. 1 et sqq, at p. 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

23 Ibid, at p. 1.

24 Ibid. at p. 503.

25 Ulstein, Anders, “No ordinary partner”, 23(6) Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (2006), pp 499 et sqq, at p. 502Google Scholar.

26 See Ian Quinn, “Lansley: ‘Responsibility Deal is achieving big results’”, The Grocer, 20 April 2012, available on the internet at <http://www.thegrocer.co.uk/topics/health/lansley-responsibility-deal-is-achieving-big-results/228388.article> (last accessed on 6 August 2013).

27 Moodie, Rob, Stuckler, David, Monteiro, Carlos et al., “Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries”, 381 Lancet (2013), pp. 670 et sqq, at p. 672CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

28 Anders Ulstein, “No ordinary partner”, supra note 24, at p. 503.

29 See for instance: Taylor, A and Dhillon, Ibadat, “An international legal strategy for alcohol control: not a framework convention – at least not yet”, 108 Addiction (2012), pp. 450 et sqq CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Room, Robin, “Healthy is as healthy does: where will a voluntary code get us on international alcohol control?”, 108 Addiction (2013), pp. 456 et sqq CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

30 Allyn Taylor and Ibadat Dhillon, “An international legal strategy for alcohol control”, supra note 28, at p. 451.

31 Virginia Barbour et al., “Let's be straight up about the alcohol industry”, 8(5) PLoS Med (2011), pp. e1001041 et sqq, at p. e1001041.

32 See for example: Booyse, Francois and Parks, Dale, “Moderate wine and alcohol consumption: Beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease”, 86(2) Thrombosis and Haemostasis (2001), pp. 509 et sqq Google ScholarPubMed.

33 World Health Organisation, Alcohol in the European Union: Consumption, harm and policy approaches, (Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe 2012), at p. 1 Google Scholar.

34 Craig, D, Dakkak, M, Gilmore, I et al., “A drunk and disorderly country: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of alcohol use and misuse in Great Britain”, 3 Frontline Gastroenterology (2012), pp. 57 et sqq CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

35 The Government's Alcohol Strategy, supra note 18, at p. 2.

36 Case C-429/02 Bacardi France [2004] ECR I-06613.

37 Case C-405/98 Konsumentombudsmannen (KO) v Gourmet International Products AB (GIP) [2001] ECR I-01795.

38 Case E-4/04 Pedicel AS v Sosial-og helsedirektoratet (Directorate for Health and Social Affairs) [2005].

39 See Case C376/98 Germany v Parliament and Council [2000] ECR I-08419.

40 Case 380/03 Germany v Parliament and Council [2006] ECR I- 11573.

41 Case C-376/98 Commission v Parliament and Council (Tobacco Advertising 1) [2000] ECR I-08419, para 99.

42 Case C-376/98 Commission v Parliament and Council (Tobacco Advertising 1) [2000] ECR I-08419, para 84.

43 See Garde, Amandine, “Freedom of commercial expression and public health protection: the principle of proportionality as a tool to strike the balance” in Gormley, Laurence and Shuibhne, Niamh Nic (eds), From Single Market to Economic Union – Essays in Honour of John Usher (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), at p. 122 Google Scholar.

44 Ibid, at p. 129.

45 Opinion of Judge H Lee Sarokin, Haynes v Liggett Group Inc. 140 F.R.D. 681 (D.N.J. 1992), at p. 683.