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Carolingian Culture in the North Sea World: Rethinking the Cultural Dynamics of Personal Adornment in Viking-Age England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Gabor Thomas
Gabor Thomas*
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, UK
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Abstract

Boosted by a proliferation in metal-detected finds, categories of personal adornment now constitute a vital archaeological source for interpreting Viking-age cultural interaction in the North Sea region. Previous research in England has explored the potential of this metalwork in relation to the formation of ‘Anglo-Scandinavian’ identity, but without due consideration of a wider spectrum of cultural influences. This article redresses the balance by shifting attention to twenty-eight belt fittings derived from richly embellished baldrics, equestrian equipment, and waist belts manufactured on the Frankish continent during the period of Carolingian hegemony in the later eighth and ninth centuries AD. The metalwork is classified and then contextualized in order to track import mechanisms and to assess the impact of Carolingian culture on the northern peripheries of the Frankish empire. The main conclusion is that the adoption, adaptation, and strategic manipulation of Carolingian/northern Frankish identity formed an embedded component of cultural dynamics in Viking-age England, scrutiny of which sheds new light on patterns of interconnectivity linking peoples of the North Sea world.

Suite à la prolifération de découvertes faites par détecteurs de métal, les catégories d'ornements personnels constituent aujourd'hui une source archéologique essentielle à l'interprétation de l'interaction culturelle pendant l'Âge des Vikings dans la région de la Mer du Nord. En Angleterre, des recherches antécédentes s'étaient penchées sur le potentiel de ces pièces de ferronnerie par rapport à la formation de l'identité ‘anglo-saxonne’, sans néanmoins considérer toute la gamme d'influences culturelles. Cet article essaie de rétablir l'équilibre en attirant l'attention sur 28 garnitures de ceintures provenant de baudriers richement décorés, de matériel équestre et de ceinturons fabriqués sur le continent franc pendant l'hégémonie carolingienne au cours de la fin du 8e et du 9e siècle AD. Les pièces de ferronnerie sont classées et ensuite contextualisées afin de retracer les processus d'importation et d'évaluer l'impacte de la culture carolingienne sur les périphéries septentrionales de l'empire Franc. La conclusion principale est que l'adoption, l'adaptation et la manipulation stratégique de l'identité carolingienne/franque du nord formaient une partie intégrante des dynamiques culturelles dans l'Angleterre des Vikings, dont l'examen éclaire d'un jour nouveau les différents types d'interconnectivité reliant entre eux les peuples de la région de la Mer du Nord. Translation by Isabelle Gerges.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

Verstärkt durch die Zunahme von Metalldetektorfunden gehören Kategorien des persönlichen Schmucks heute zu einer wichtigen Quelle der Interpretation wikingerzeitlicher kultureller Interaktion im Nordseegebiet. Die frühere Forschung in England hat das Potential dieser Metallarbeiten in Bezug auf die Formation der ‘anglo-skandinavischen’ Identität untersucht, ohne jedoch ein weiteres Spektrum kultureller Einflüsse intensiver einzubeziehen. Dieser Beitrag schafft hier Abhilfe, indem er das Augenmerk auf 28 Gürtelgarnituren richtet, die aus reichverzierten Wehrgehängen, Sattel- und Zaumzeug sowie Leibgürteln aus dem kontinentalfränkischen Gebiet in der Zeit der karolingischen Hegemonie im späten 8. und im 9. Jh. AD gefertigt wurden. Die Metallarbeiten werden klassifiziert und dann kontextualisiert, um Importmechanismen nachvollziehen und den Einfluss der karolingischen Kultur in der nördlichen Peripherie des Frankenreichs beurteilen zu können. Das wichtigste Ergebnis ist dabei, dass die Übernahme, Anpassung und strategische Manipulation der karolingischen/nordfränkischen Identität eine integrierte Komponente der kulturellen Dynamik im wikingerzeitlichen England darstellte, deren Untersuchung neue Aspekte der Interkonnektivität aufwirft, die die Menschen des Nordseeraumes verbunden hat. Translation by Heiner Schwarzberg.

Keywords

Viking-age EnglandNorth Sea zoneCarolingian empiremetal-detector findspersonal adornmentbelt fittingscultural interactionAngleterre de l'Âge des Vikingszone de la Mer du Nordempire carolingiendécouvertes faites par détecteurs de métalornement personnelgarnitures de ceinturesinteraction culturellewikingerzeitliches EnglandNordseegebietkarolingisches ReichMetalldetektorenfundepersönlicher SchmuckGürtelgarniturenkulturelle Interaktion
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , 2012 , pp. 486 - 518
Copyright
Copyright © European Association of Archaeologists 2012 

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