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A comparison of the effects of ranitidine and omeprazole on volume and pH of gastric contents in elective surgical patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2004

B. B. Gouda ,
A. M. Lydon ,
A. Badhe  and
G. D. Shorten
B. B. Gouda
Affiliation:
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Pondicherry, India
A. M. Lydon
Affiliation:
Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Ireland
A. Badhe
Affiliation:
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Pondicherry, India
G. D. Shorten
Affiliation:
Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Ireland
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Extract

Summary

Background and objective: In cases of aspiration of gastric contents the risk of pneumonitis is dependent on the pH and volume of the gastric contents. Omeprazole and rantidine each decrease gastric volume and increase gastric pH. We evaluated the efficacy of preoperative administration of omeprazole (60 mg) or ranitidine (150 mg) in the prophylaxis of aspiration pneumonitis.

Methods: Data were obtained from 75 elective female surgical patients randomly allocated to one of three groups, who received either omeprazole 60 mg orally, or ranitidine 150 mg orally, or neither, on the evening prior to, and on the morning of, surgery. Gastric volume and pH was measured using blind aspiration.

Results: Both pH <2.5 and volume >25 mL were present in none of the patients in either the ranitidine or omeprazole groups, compared to 15 of 25 control patients (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Preoperative oral administration of omeprazole (60 mg) or ranitidine (150 mg) reduced residual gastric content volume and increased pH >2.5, possibly reducing the effects of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents.

Keywords

ENZYME INHIBITORS, omeprazoleHISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS, ranitidineLUNG DISEASES, pneumoniaPREANAESTHETC MEDICATIONRESPIRATORY MECHANICS, aspiration
Type
Original Article
Information
European Journal of Anaesthesiology , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , April 2004 , pp. 260 - 264
Copyright
2004 European Society of Anaesthesiology

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