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Bernoulliness of $[T,\text{Id}]$ when $T$ is an irrational rotation: towards an explicit isomorphism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2020

CHRISTOPHE LEURIDAN*
Affiliation:
UniversitĂ© Grenoble Alpes, Institut Fourier, Saint-Martin-d’HĂ©res, 38400, France email christophe.leuridan@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr

Abstract

Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ be an irrational real number. The map $T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}:y\mapsto (y+\unicode[STIX]{x1D703})\!\hspace{0.6em}{\rm mod}\hspace{0.2em}1$ from the unit interval $\mathbf{I}= [\!0,1\![$ (endowed with the Lebesgue measure) to itself is ergodic. In a short paper [Parry, Automorphisms of the Bernoulli endomorphism and a class of skew-products. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.16 (1996), 519–529] published in 1996, Parry provided an explicit isomorphism between the measure-preserving map $[T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}},\text{Id}]$ and the unilateral dyadic Bernoulli shift when $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ is extremely well approximated by the rational numbers, namely, if

$$\begin{eqnarray}\inf _{q\geq 1}q^{4}4^{q^{2}}~\text{dist}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703},q^{-1}\mathbb{Z})=0.\end{eqnarray}$$
A few years later, Hoffman and Rudolph [Uniform endomorphisms which are isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift. Ann. of Math. (2)156 (2002), 79–101] showed that for every irrational number, the measure-preserving map $[T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}},\text{Id}]$ is isomorphic to the unilateral dyadic Bernoulli shift. Their proof is not constructive. In the present paper, we relax notably Parry’s condition on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$: the explicit map provided by Parry’s method is an isomorphism between the map $[T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}},\text{Id}]$ and the unilateral dyadic Bernoulli shift whenever
$$\begin{eqnarray}\inf _{q\geq 1}q^{4}~\text{dist}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703},q^{-1}\mathbb{Z})=0.\end{eqnarray}$$
This condition can be relaxed again into
$$\begin{eqnarray}\inf _{n\geq 1}q_{n}^{3}~(a_{1}+\cdots +a_{n})~|q_{n}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}-p_{n}|<+\infty ,\end{eqnarray}$$
where $[0;a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ]$ is the continued fraction expansion and $(p_{n}/q_{n})_{n\geq 0}$ the sequence of convergents of $\Vert \unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\Vert :=\text{dist}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D703},\mathbb{Z})$. Whether Parry’s map is an isomorphism for every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ or not is still an open question, although we expect a positive answer.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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