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Clostridium Botulinum Types A and B Toxin-Antitoxin Reactions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

A. J. Fulthorpe
A. J. Fulthorpe
Affiliation:
The Wellcome Research Laboratories (Biological Division), Beckenham, Kent
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Summary

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C. botulinum types A and B toxins required larger amounts of antitoxin for neutralization when fractions of the test dose of toxin were used than would be expected.

The degree of this dilution effect, i.e. the dilution ratio, varied with different sera. The dilution ratios with type A sera could be improved by allowing a greater time for combination to occur, or by mixing toxin and antitoxin in high concentration and diluting these mixtures.

The dilution ratios of type A sera from horses rose as immunization proceeded, the greatest rise occurring during the 3-month rest period following three small doses of toxoid.

A type A serum could be separated into fractions of different dilution ratio by precipitation with increasing concentrations of ammonium sulphate.

Type A antitoxins prepared by immunization of groups of guinea-pigs with two doses of toxoid, had dilution ratios far lower than those found in hyperimmune horse sera.

The dilution ratios of sera were lower when tested against a toxic toxin than against a more toxoided one.

A number of type A sera were tested at one level of test against a number of test toxins. There was no evidence of heterogeneity of the toxins and antitoxins tested.

The serum ratios were found to be correlated with the dilution ratios except where the serum ratios exceeded 0·64. Flocculation time was slow and varied from 6 to 48 hr. with different sera tested against the same toxoid.

I am greatly indebted to Miss M. Barr for her constant advice and encouragement in the execution of this work and in the preparation of this paper. I am grateful to Dr M. Sterne for the supply of C. botulinum type A and B toxins and for the benefit of his experience of animal botulism.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 53 , Issue 2 , June 1955 , pp. 180 - 195
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1955

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