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Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe:a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2005

Yann Devos ,
Dirk Reheul ,
Adinda DE Schrijver ,
François Cors  and
William Moens
Yann Devos
Affiliation:
Service of Biosafety and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Dirk Reheul
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Adinda DE Schrijver
Affiliation:
Service of Biosafety and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
François Cors
Affiliation:
Department of Pesticide Research, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Rue du Bordia 11, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
William Moens
Affiliation:
Service of Biosafety and Biotechnology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium

Abstract

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The potential commercialization of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape in Europe raises various concerns about their potential environmental and agronomic impacts, especially those associated with the escape of transgenes. Pollen of oilseed rape can be dispersed in space, resulting in the fertilization of sympatric compatible wild relatives (e.g. Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape cultivars grown nearby (GM and/or non-GM Brassica napus). The spatial and temporal dispersal of seeds of oilseed rape may lead to feral oilseed rape populations outside the cropped areas and oilseed rape volunteers in subsequent crops in the rotation. The incorporation of a HT trait(s) may increase the fitness of the recipient plants, making them more abundant and persistent, and may result in weeds that are difficult to control by the herbicide(s) to which they are tolerant. Vertical gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape to non-GM counterparts may also have an impact on farming and supply chain management, depending on labelling thresholds for the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM products. Given the extent of pollen and seed dispersal in oilseed rape, it is obvious that the safe and sound integration of GMHT oilseed rape in Europe may require significant on-farm and off-farm management efforts. Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus, (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. The implementation of the recommended practices may, however, be difficult, entailing various challenges.

Keywords

Brassica napusvertical gene flowvolunteersferal oilseed rapewild relativesherbicide tolerancebiosafetyrisk managementco-existence
Type
Research Article
Information
Environmental Biosafety Research , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , July 2004 , pp. 135 - 148
Copyright
© ISBR, EDP Sciences, 2004

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