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Investigation of horizontal gene transfer in poplar/Amanita muscaria ectomycorrhizas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2006

Chi Zhang ,
Rüdiger Hampp  and
Uwe Nehls
Chi Zhang
Affiliation:
Universität Tübingen, Botanisches Institut, Physiologische Ökologie der Pflanzen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Rüdiger Hampp
Affiliation:
Universität Tübingen, Botanisches Institut, Physiologische Ökologie der Pflanzen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
Uwe Nehls
Affiliation:
Universität Tübingen, Botanisches Institut, Physiologische Ökologie der Pflanzen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany

Abstract

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Fine roots of forest trees form together with certain soil fungi symbiotic structures (ectomycorrhizas), where fungal hyphae are in intimate contact with plant cells. Due to root cell degeneration, plant DNA is released and could be taken up by the fungus. The possibility that horizontal gene transfer might result in a risk for the environment should be evaluated before a massive release of genetically engineered trees into nature occurs, even though only a few convincing examples of horizontal gene transfer are known. Transgenic poplars containing a construct of the Streptomyces hygroscopicus bar gene under the control of the Cochliobolus heterostrophus GPD (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) promoter were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The functionality of this construct in the ectomycorrhizal model fungus Amanita muscaria was previously verified by protoplast-based fungal transformation. 35 000 ectomycorrhizas, formed between transgenic poplars and non-transgenic A. muscaria hyphae, were isolated and transferred to selective agar plates. Putative herbicide-resistant fungal colonies were obtained after the first round of selection. However, none of these colonies survived a transfer onto fresh selection medium, nor did they contain the bar gene, indicating that no horizontal gene transfer from poplar to A. muscaria occurred during symbiosis under axenic conditions. However, since ectomycorrhizas are associated under natural conditions with viruses, bacteria and other fungi, these additional associations should be evaluated in future.

Keywords

horizontal gene transferpoplarectomycorrhizatransformation
Type
Research Article
Information
Environmental Biosafety Research , Volume 4 , Issue 4 , October 2005 , pp. 235 - 242
Copyright
© ISBR, EDP Sciences, 2006

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