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2. Zeitlin, Jonathan, “Flexibility and Mass Production at War: Aircraft Manufacturing in Britain, the United States, and Germany, 1939–1945,” in Technology and the West: A Historical Anthology from “Technology and Culture,” ed. Reynolds, Terry S. and Cutcliffe, Stephen H. (Chicago, 1997), 365–98.Google Scholar

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4. For comparative work on this topic, see Milward, Alan S., War, Economy, and Society, 1939–1945 (Berkeley, Calif., 1979)Google Scholar; Koistinen, Paul A. C., The Military-Industrial Complex: A Historical Perspective (New York, 1980)Google Scholar; O’Neill, William L., A Democracy at War: America‘s Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II (New York, 1993)Google Scholar; and Overy, Richard J., Why the Allies Won (London, 1995)Google Scholar.

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6. Meulen, Jacob Vander, Building the B-29 (Washington, D.C., 1995)Google Scholar; Sherry, Michael S., The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon (New Haven, Conn., 1987)Google Scholar.

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8. Milkman, Ruth, Gender at Work: The Dynamics of Job Segregation by Sex during World War II (Urbana, Ill., 1987)Google Scholar; Gluck, Sherna Berger, Rosie the Riveter Revisited: Women, the War, and Social Change (Boston, 1987)Google Scholar; Anderson, Karen, Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations, and the Status of Women during World War II (Westport, Conn., 1981)Google Scholar.

9. Noble, David F., Forces of Production: A Social History of Industrial Automation (New York, 1984)Google Scholar; Braverman, Harry, Labor and Monopoly Capital (New York, 1974)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Downs, Laura Lee, Manufacturing Inequality: Gender Division in the French and British Metalworking Industries, 1914–1939 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1995)Google Scholar; Cooper, Pat, Once a Cigar Maker: Men, Women, and Work Culture in American Cigar Factories, 1900–1919 (Urbana, Ill., 1987)Google Scholar; Alder, Ken, Engineering the Revolution: Arms and Enlightenment in France, 1763–1815 (Princeton, N.J., 1997).Google Scholar

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12. In the large and growing literature on flexible production, these works have been especially important to this study: Sabel, Charles and Zeitlin, Jonathan, “Historical Alternatives to Mass Production: Politics, Markets, and Technology in Nineteenth-Century Industrialization,” Past and Present 108 (Aug. 1985): 133–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Sabel, Charles and Zeitlin, Jonathan, Worlds of Possibility: Flexibility and Mass Production in Western Industrialization (New York, 1997)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Zeitlin, “Flexibility and Mass Production at War”; Zeitlin, Jonathan, “Introduction: Americanization and Its Limits: Reworking U.S. Technology and Management in Post-War Europe and Japan,” in Americanization and Its Limits, ed. Zeitlin, and Herrigel, : 1–50Google Scholar; Zeitlin, , Between Flexibility and Mass Production; Scranton, Philip, Endless Novelty: Specialty Production and American Industrialization, 1865–1925 (Princeton, N.J., 1997)Google Scholar; and Brown, John K., The Baldwin Locomotive Works: A Study in American Industrial Practice (Baltimore, Md., 1995)Google Scholar.

13. Heinrich, Thomas, Ships for the Seven Seas: Philadelphia Shipbuilding in the Age of Industrial Capitalism (Baltimore, Md., 1997)Google Scholar.

14. For a sample of this work see, for instance, the work by Chandler, and Williamson, Oliver; or Porter, Michael, Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors (New York, 1980)Google Scholar; and Mintzberg, Henry, The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning (New York, 1994)Google Scholar.

15. Polenberg, Richard, War and Society: The United States, 1941–1945 (Philadelphia, 1972)Google Scholar; Blum, John Morton, V Was for Victory: Politics and American Culture during World War II (New York, 1976)Google Scholar; O’Neill, Democracy at War; Lichtenstein, Nelson, Labor’s War at Home: The CIO in World War II (New York, 1982)Google Scholar.

16. Kennedy, David, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York, 1999), 648, 652.Google Scholar

17. Hirshfield, Deborah Ann, “Rosie Also Welded: Women and Technology in Shipbuilding during World War II” (Ph.D. diss., University of California at Irvine, 1987)Google Scholar; Johnson, Second Gold Rush; Moore, To Place Our Deeds; Lichtman, Sheila Tropp, “Women and Work: Wartime Employment in the San Francisco Bay Area” (Ph.D. diss., University of California at Davis, 1981).Google Scholar

18. On the former, see Friedberg, In the Shadow of the Garrison State; on the latter, see Cohen, Lizabeth, A Consumers’ Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America (New York, 2003)Google Scholar.

19. Brody, David, Workers in Industrial America: Essays on the 20th-Century Struggle (New York, 1993)Google Scholar; Montgomery, David, The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 1865–1925 (New York, 1987)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Burawoy, Michael, Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process under Monopoly Capitalism (Chicago, 1979)Google Scholar.