Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T02:17:19.449Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bridges and Bonds: The Role of British Merchant Bank Intermediaries in Latin American Trade and Finance Networks, 1825–1850

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2020

EMILY BUCHNEA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In the first half of the nineteenth century, transatlantic trade and finance networks were complex webs of transactions often consisting of lengthy chains of connections linking distant firms to distant markets. As a number of scholars have shown, merchant bankers of the nineteenth century were at the center of many of these networks, acting as an interconnected and often impenetrable group that dictated the flow of capital and investment across many borders. Most recently, scholars such as Manuel Llorca-Jaña, Manuel López-Morell, and Juliette Levy (to name a few) have produced a number of especially significant publications on the role of financial intermediaries in Latin America. Llorca-Jaña’s and López-Morrell’s work has been essential for illuminating the role of London bankers Huth & Co. and Rothschilds (respectively) in creating a global network that included Latin American markets and trades, while Levy’s work has highlighted the role of special financial players in inland markets, namely in the Yucatan. This paper aims to build on this previous work through an analysis of crucial network actors in Anglo-American merchant bank networks in the first half of the nineteenth century. To conduct a varied and general analysis, this paper will draw on the correspondence records of the Baring Bros. and N. M. Rothschild, two of the most well-known and profitable London merchant banks of the period. Through this material, this study will present an analysis of British merchant bank connectivity and the role of intermediaries in connecting merchant banks to distant markets and clients, such as the mining districts of interior Mexico and the sugar merchants of Cuba.

Type
Article
Information
Enterprise & Society , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , June 2020 , pp. 453 - 493
Copyright
© The Author 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference. All rights reserved.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Austin, Peter E. Baring Brothers and the Birth of Modern Finance. London: Routledge, 2015.10.4324/9781315652986CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Beekman Mercantile Papers, 1746–1799, transcribed by White, Philip L., New York: New York Historical Society, 1956.Google Scholar
Blagg, Michele. The Royal Mint Refinery: A Business Adapting to Change, 1919–1968. Doctoral diss., King’s College, University of London, London, 2013.Google Scholar
Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. The Economic History of Latin America since Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.10.1017/CBO9780511817397CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassis, Youssef. Capitals of Capital: The Rise and Fall of International Financial Centres 1780–2009. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Chapman, Stanley. The Rise of Merchant Banking. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1984.Google Scholar
Chapman, Stanley. Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Curry-Machado, Jonathan. Cuban Sugar Industry: Transnational Networks and Engineering Migrants in Mid-Nineteenth Century Cuba. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.10.1057/9780230118881CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Richard W. The English Rothschilds. Raleigh: University of North Carolina Press 1983.Google Scholar
Elliot, J. H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain, 1492–1830. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Ely, Roland, T. Cuando reinaba su majestad el azúcar. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 1966.Google Scholar
Engerman, Stanley L., and Sokoloff, Kenneth L.. Economic Development in the Americas since 1500: Endowments and Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Niall. The World's Banker: The History of the House of Rothschild. Vol. 1. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Niall. The House of Rothschild. Vol. 1, Money’s Prophets: 1798–1848. London: Penguin, 1999.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, vol. 457. New York: Free Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Haggerty, Sheryllynne. Merely for Money? Business Culture in the British Atlantic, 1750–1815. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.10.5949/UPO9781846317729CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Geoffrey. Merchants to Multinationals: British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Oxford: Oxford University Press on Demand, 2000.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Herbert H. Nathan Mayer Rothschild and the Creation of a Dynasty: The Critical Years 1806–1816. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Kynaston, David. The City of London. Vol. 1, A World of Its Own 1815–1890. New York: Random House, 2015.Google Scholar
Lamikiz, Xabier. Trade and Trust in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World: Spanish Merchants and Their Overseas Networks, vol. 72. London: Boydell Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Lauer, Josh. Creditworthy: A History of Consumer Surveillance and Financial Identity in America. New York: Columbia University Press, 2017.10.7312/laue16808CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lepler, Jessica M. The Many Panics of 1837: People, Politics, and the Creation of a Transatlantic Financial Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.10.1017/CBO9780511978609CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llorca-Jaña, Manuel. The Globalization of Merchant Banking before 1850: The Case of Huth & Co. London: Routledge, 2017.10.4324/9781315086385CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Rory. Britain and Latin America in the 19th and 20th Centuries. London: Routledge, 2014.10.4324/9781315836249CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos, and Ros, Jaime. Development and Growth in the Mexican Economy: A Historical Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371161.001.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreno Fraginal, Manuel. El ingenio. Complejo económico social cubano del azúcar. La Habana: Ciencia Sociales, 1978.Google Scholar
Muldrew, Craig. The Economy of Obligation: The Culture of Credit and Social Relations in Early Modern England. New York: Springer, 1998.10.1007/978-1-349-26879-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pohl, Manfred, ed. Handbook on the History of European Banks. Aldershot, UK: Elgar, 1994.10.4337/9781781954218CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orbell, John. Baring Brothers & Co., Limited: A History to 1939. London: Baring Brothers & Company, 1985.Google Scholar
Roberts, Richard. Schroders: Merchants & Bankers. New York: Springer, 1992.10.1007/978-1-349-09650-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smelser, Neil J., and Swedberg, Richard, eds. The Handbook of Economic Sociology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Smith-Doerr, L., and Powell, W. W.. “Networks and Economic Life.” In The Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Smelser, Neil J. and Swedberg, Richard, 379–402. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Truxes, Thomas M., ed. Letterbook of Greg & Cunningham, 1756–57: Merchants of New York and Belfast. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.10.1093/oseo/instance.00164012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziegler, Philip. The Sixth Great Power: Barings 1762–1929. New York: HarperCollins, 1988.Google Scholar
Aldous, Michael. “Rehabilitating the Intermediary: Brokers and Auctioneers in the Nineteenth-Century Anglo-Indian Trade.” Business History, 59, no. 4 (2017): 525–553.10.1080/00076791.2016.1220939CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carredano, Amores, Juan, B. “Ordenanzas de gobierno local en la isla de Cuba (1765–1786).” Revista complutense de historia de América, 30 (2004): 95–109.Google Scholar
Bucheli, Marcelo, and Salvaj, Erica. “Adaptation Strategies of Multinational Corporations, State-Owned Enterprises, and Domestic Business Groups to Economic and Political Transitions: A Network Analysis of the Chilean Telecommunications Sector, 1958–2005.” Enterprise & Society, 15, no. 3 (2014): 534–576.Google Scholar
Buchnea, Emily. “Transatlantic Transformations: Visualizing Change over Time in the Liverpool–New York Trade Network, 1763–1833.” Enterprise & Society, 15, no. 4 (2014): 687–721.Google Scholar
Buchnea, Emily. “Networks and Clusters.” In The Routledge Companion to Business History, edited by Wilson, John F., de Jong, Abe, Toms, Steve, and Buchnea, Emily, 259–273. London: Routledge, 2016.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. “Structural Holes and Good Ideas.” American Journal of Sociology, 110, no. 2 (2004): 349–399.10.1086/421787CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vayá, Calavera, Anamaria. “La casa Rothschild, Madrid y La Habana y operaciones financieras y tabaco.” Arbor, 547–548 (1991),181–196.Google Scholar
Casson, Mark. “Entrepreneurial Networks in International Business.” Business and Economic History, 26 (1997): 811–823.Google Scholar
Coatsworth, John H. “Obstacles to Economic Growth in Nineteenth-Century Mexico.” American Historical Review, 83, no. 1 (1978): 80–100.10.2307/1865903CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connell, Carol Matheson. “Jardine Matheson & Company: The Role of External Organization in a Nineteenth-Century Trading Firm.” Enterprise & Society, 4, no. 1 (2003): 99–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crumplin, Tim E. “Opaque Networks: Business and Community in the Isle of Man, 1840–1900.” Business History, 49, no. 6 (2007): 780–801.10.1080/00076790701710233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutterham, Tom. “The Revolutionary Transformation of American Merchant Networks: Carter and Wadsworth and Their World, 1775–1800.” Enterprise & Society, 18, no. 1 (2017): 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Divall, Colin. “Business History, Global Networks and the Future of Mobility.” Business History, 54, no. 4 (2012): 542–555.10.1080/00076791.2011.631126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duguid, Paul. Networks and Knowledge: The Beginning and End of the Port Commodity Chain, 1703–1860. Business History Review, 79, no. 3 (2005): 493–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flandreau, Marc, and Flores, Juan H.. “Bondholders versus Bond-Sellers? Investment Banks and Conditionality Lending in the London Market for Foreign Government Debt, 1815–1913.” European Review of Economic History 16, no. 4 (2012): 356–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forestier, Albane. Risk, Kinship and Personal Relationships in Late Eighteenth-Century West Indian Trade: The Commercial Network of Tobin & Pinney. Business History, 52, no. 6 (2010): 912–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gervais, Pierre. “Mercantile Credit and Trading Rings in the Eighteenth Century.” Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales: English Edition, 67, no. 4 (2012): 693–730.10.1017/S239856820000042XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glaisyer, Natasha. Networking: Trade and Exchange in the Eighteenth-Century British Empire. Historical Journal, 47, no. 2 (2004): 451–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, Roger V., and Fernandez, Roberto M.. “Structures of Mediation: A Formal Approach to Brokerage in Transaction Networks.” Sociological Methodology, 19 (1989): 89–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulati, Ranjay, and Srivastava, Sameer B.. “Bringing Agency Back into Network Research: Constrained Agency and Network Action.” In Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks, edited by Brass, Daniel J., Labianca, Giuseppe, Mehra, Ajay, Halgin, Daniel S., and Borgatti, Stephen P., 73–93. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovetter, Mark S. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” Social Networks, 78 (1977): 347–367.10.1016/B978-0-12-442450-0.50025-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haber, Stephen H. “Industrial Concentration and the Capital Markets: A Comparative Study of Brazil, Mexico, and the United States, 1830–1930.” Journal of Economic History, 51, no. 3 (1991): 559–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haggerty, John, and Haggerty, Sheryllynne. “Networking with a Network: The Liverpool African Committee 1750–1810.” Enterprise & Society, 18, no. 3 (2017): 566–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halinen, Aino, and Törnroos, Jan-Åke. “The Role of Embeddedness in the Evolution of Business Networks.” Scandinavian Journal of Management, 14, no. 3 (1998): 187–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hancock, David. “The Trouble with Networks: Managing the Scots’ Early-Modern Madeira Trade.” Business History Review, 79, no. 3 (2005): 467–491.10.1017/S0007680500081411CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, Hilarie J. “British Merchant Houses in Mexico, 1821–1860: Conforming Business Practices and Ethics.” Hispanic American Historical Review, 73, no. 2 (1993): 261–290.Google Scholar
Hidy, Ralph W. “The Organization and Functions of Anglo-American Merchant Bankers, 1815– 1860.” Journal of Economic History, 1 (1941): 53–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, Juliette. “Notaries and Credit Markets in Nineteenth-Century Mexico.” Business History Review, 84, no. 3 (2010): 459–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liedtke, Rainer. “Agents for the Rothschilds.” In Panter, Sarah, ed. Mobility and Biography, edited by Panter, Sarah, 33–46. Oldenbourg: Walter de Gruyter, 2015.Google Scholar
Lisle-Williams, Michael. “Merchant Banking Dynasties in the English Class Structure: Ownership, Solidarity and Kinship in the City of London, 1850–1960.” British Journal of Sociology, 35 (1984): 333–362.10.2307/590970CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llorca-Jaña, Manuel. “Shaping Globalization: London’s Merchant Bankers in the Early Nineteenth Century.” Business History Review, 88, no. 3 (2014): 469–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llorca-Jaña, Manuel. “Huth & Co.’s Credit Strategies: A Global Merchant-Banker’s Risk Management, c. 1810–1850”. Estudios de Economía, 42, no. 2 (December 1, 2015). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2697822.10.4067/S0718-52862015000200002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Morell, Miguel Á. “Los Rothschild en Latinoamérica en los siglos XIX y XX.” In Orígenes de la globalización bancaria, edited by Diaz, Hoyo y Marichal, 289–320. Santander: El Colegio de México/Genueve, 2017.Google Scholar
López-Morell, Miguel A., and O’Kean, José M.. “A Stable Network as a Source of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The Rothschilds in Spain, 1835–1931.” Business History, 50, no. 2 (2008): 163–184.10.1080/00076790701868569CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Morell, Miguel Á., and O’Kean, José M.. “Rothschilds’ Strategies in International Non-ferrous Metals Markets, 1830–1940.” Economic History Review, 67, no. 3 (2014): 720–749.Google Scholar
Marichal, Carlos. “Obstacles to the Development of Capital Markets in Nineteenth-Century Mexico.” In How Latin America Fell Behind: Essays on the Economic History of Brazil and Mexico, 1800–1914, edited by Haber, Stephen, 118–145. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Marichal, Carlos. “Banking History and Archives in Latin America.” Business History Review, 82, no. 3 (2008): 585–602.10.1017/S0007680500082660CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzagalli, Silvia. “Establishing Transatlantic Trade Networks in Time of War: Bordeaux and the United States, 1793–1815.” Business History Review, 79, no. 4 (2005): 811–844.10.2307/25097115CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayo, John. “Consuls and Silver Contraband on Mexico’s West Coast in the Era of Santa Anna.” Journal of Latin American Studies, 19, no. 2 (1987): 389–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musacchio, Aldo, and Read, Ian. “Bankers, Industrialists, and Their Cliques: Elite Networks in Mexico and Brazil During Early Industrialization.” Enterprise & Society, 8, no. 4 (2007): 842–880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parra, Alma. “Mercury’s Agent: Lionel Davidson and the Rothschilds in Mexico.” Rothschild Archive Annual Review, 2008: 27–34.Google Scholar
Penn, Elaine, “The Spanish Agents.” Rothschild Archive Annual Review, 2000: 15–18.Google Scholar
Platt, Tristan. “Spanish Quicksilver: A Preliminary Note. The London Market, Global Trade and the Rothschild Monopoly (1830–1850).” Rothschild Archive Annual Review, 2011: 38–48.Google Scholar
Podolny, Joel M., and Page, Karen L.. “Network Forms of Organization.” Annual Review of Sociology, 24, no. 1 (1998): 57–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oatley, Thomas, Winecoff, W. Kindred, Pennock, Andrew, and Danzman, Sarah Bauerle. “The Political Economy of Global Finance: A Network Model.” Perspectives on Politics, 11, no. 1 (2013): 133–153.10.1017/S1537592712003593CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rauch, James E. “Business and Social Networks in International Trade.” Journal of Economic Literature, 39 (2001): 1177–1203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rippy, J. Fred. “British Investments in Latin America, End of 1913.” Journal of Modern History, 19, no. 3 (1947): 226–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rippy, J. Fred. “Latin America and the British Investment ‘Boom’ of the 1820’s.” Journal of Modern History, 19, no. 2 (1947): 122–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roldan de Montaud, Inés. “Baring Brothers and the Cuban Plantation Economy, 1814–1870.” In Caribbean and the Atlantic World Economy, edited by Leonard, Adrian and Pretel, D., 238–262. London: Palgrave, 2015.10.1057/9781137432728_11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roldan de Montaud, Inés. “La dirección del Banco Español de Cuba: de comerciantes locales a políticos y funcionarios metropolitanos, 1856–1898.” In Orígenes de la globalización bancaria, edited by Diaz, Hoyo y Marichal, 253–288. Santander: El Colegio de México/Genueve, 2017.Google Scholar
Santamaria, Antonio. “Dos siglos de especialización y dos décadas de incertidumbre. La historia económica de Cuba, 1800–2010.” In Institucionalidad y desarrollo económico en América Latina, edited by Gerchuhof, Pablo and LuisBertolá, , 135–190. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL, 2011.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Susan P. “Agency Theory.” Annual Review of Sociology, 31 (2005): 263–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swedberg, Richard. “International Financial Networks and Institutions.” Current Sociology, 38, no. 2 (1990): 259–281.10.1177/001139290038002012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tenenbaum, Barbara A. “Merchants, Money, and Mischief the British in Mexico, 1821–1862.” The Americas, 35, no. 3 (1979): 317–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turrell, Robert Vicat, and Van Helten, Jean-Jacques. “The Rothschilds, the Exploration Company and Mining Finance.” Business History, 28, no. 2 (1986): 181–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Driel, Hugo. “The Role of Middlemen in the International Coffee Trade since 1870: The Dutch Case.” Business History, 45, no. 2 (2003): 77–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Driel, Hugo, and Devos, Greta. “Path Dependence in Ports: The Persistence of Cooperative Forms.” Business History Review 81, no. 4 (2007): 681–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetherell, Charles. “Historical Social Network Analysis.” International Review of Social History, 43 (1998): 125–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zegarra, Luis Felipe. “Bank Laws, Economic Growth and Early Banking in Latin America: 1840–1920.” Explorations in Economic History, 53 (2014): 101–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, Lionel. Correspondence collection, Rothschild archive. XI/38/76AGoogle Scholar
de Goyri, Francisco. Correspondence collection. Rothschild archive. XI/38/125AGoogle Scholar
Manning & Marshall to Baring Bros. House Correspondence—Mexico (HC4). Baring Archive, ING.Google Scholar
Austin, Peter E. Baring Brothers and the Birth of Modern Finance. London: Routledge, 2015.10.4324/9781315652986CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Beekman Mercantile Papers, 1746–1799, transcribed by White, Philip L., New York: New York Historical Society, 1956.Google Scholar
Blagg, Michele. The Royal Mint Refinery: A Business Adapting to Change, 1919–1968. Doctoral diss., King’s College, University of London, London, 2013.Google Scholar
Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. The Economic History of Latin America since Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.10.1017/CBO9780511817397CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassis, Youssef. Capitals of Capital: The Rise and Fall of International Financial Centres 1780–2009. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Chapman, Stanley. The Rise of Merchant Banking. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1984.Google Scholar
Chapman, Stanley. Merchant Enterprise in Britain: From the Industrial Revolution to World War I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Curry-Machado, Jonathan. Cuban Sugar Industry: Transnational Networks and Engineering Migrants in Mid-Nineteenth Century Cuba. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.10.1057/9780230118881CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Richard W. The English Rothschilds. Raleigh: University of North Carolina Press 1983.Google Scholar
Elliot, J. H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain, 1492–1830. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Ely, Roland, T. Cuando reinaba su majestad el azúcar. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana, 1966.Google Scholar
Engerman, Stanley L., and Sokoloff, Kenneth L.. Economic Development in the Americas since 1500: Endowments and Institutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Niall. The World's Banker: The History of the House of Rothschild. Vol. 1. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Niall. The House of Rothschild. Vol. 1, Money’s Prophets: 1798–1848. London: Penguin, 1999.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity, vol. 457. New York: Free Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Haggerty, Sheryllynne. Merely for Money? Business Culture in the British Atlantic, 1750–1815. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.10.5949/UPO9781846317729CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Geoffrey. Merchants to Multinationals: British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Oxford: Oxford University Press on Demand, 2000.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Herbert H. Nathan Mayer Rothschild and the Creation of a Dynasty: The Critical Years 1806–1816. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Kynaston, David. The City of London. Vol. 1, A World of Its Own 1815–1890. New York: Random House, 2015.Google Scholar
Lamikiz, Xabier. Trade and Trust in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World: Spanish Merchants and Their Overseas Networks, vol. 72. London: Boydell Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Lauer, Josh. Creditworthy: A History of Consumer Surveillance and Financial Identity in America. New York: Columbia University Press, 2017.10.7312/laue16808CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lepler, Jessica M. The Many Panics of 1837: People, Politics, and the Creation of a Transatlantic Financial Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.10.1017/CBO9780511978609CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llorca-Jaña, Manuel. The Globalization of Merchant Banking before 1850: The Case of Huth & Co. London: Routledge, 2017.10.4324/9781315086385CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Rory. Britain and Latin America in the 19th and 20th Centuries. London: Routledge, 2014.10.4324/9781315836249CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos, and Ros, Jaime. Development and Growth in the Mexican Economy: A Historical Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195371161.001.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreno Fraginal, Manuel. El ingenio. Complejo económico social cubano del azúcar. La Habana: Ciencia Sociales, 1978.Google Scholar
Muldrew, Craig. The Economy of Obligation: The Culture of Credit and Social Relations in Early Modern England. New York: Springer, 1998.10.1007/978-1-349-26879-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pohl, Manfred, ed. Handbook on the History of European Banks. Aldershot, UK: Elgar, 1994.10.4337/9781781954218CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orbell, John. Baring Brothers & Co., Limited: A History to 1939. London: Baring Brothers & Company, 1985.Google Scholar
Roberts, Richard. Schroders: Merchants & Bankers. New York: Springer, 1992.10.1007/978-1-349-09650-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smelser, Neil J., and Swedberg, Richard, eds. The Handbook of Economic Sociology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Smith-Doerr, L., and Powell, W. W.. “Networks and Economic Life.” In The Handbook of Economic Sociology, edited by Smelser, Neil J. and Swedberg, Richard, 379–402. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Truxes, Thomas M., ed. Letterbook of Greg & Cunningham, 1756–57: Merchants of New York and Belfast. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.10.1093/oseo/instance.00164012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziegler, Philip. The Sixth Great Power: Barings 1762–1929. New York: HarperCollins, 1988.Google Scholar
Aldous, Michael. “Rehabilitating the Intermediary: Brokers and Auctioneers in the Nineteenth-Century Anglo-Indian Trade.” Business History, 59, no. 4 (2017): 525–553.10.1080/00076791.2016.1220939CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carredano, Amores, Juan, B. “Ordenanzas de gobierno local en la isla de Cuba (1765–1786).” Revista complutense de historia de América, 30 (2004): 95–109.Google Scholar
Bucheli, Marcelo, and Salvaj, Erica. “Adaptation Strategies of Multinational Corporations, State-Owned Enterprises, and Domestic Business Groups to Economic and Political Transitions: A Network Analysis of the Chilean Telecommunications Sector, 1958–2005.” Enterprise & Society, 15, no. 3 (2014): 534–576.Google Scholar
Buchnea, Emily. “Transatlantic Transformations: Visualizing Change over Time in the Liverpool–New York Trade Network, 1763–1833.” Enterprise & Society, 15, no. 4 (2014): 687–721.Google Scholar
Buchnea, Emily. “Networks and Clusters.” In The Routledge Companion to Business History, edited by Wilson, John F., de Jong, Abe, Toms, Steve, and Buchnea, Emily, 259–273. London: Routledge, 2016.Google Scholar
Burt, Ronald S. “Structural Holes and Good Ideas.” American Journal of Sociology, 110, no. 2 (2004): 349–399.10.1086/421787CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vayá, Calavera, Anamaria. “La casa Rothschild, Madrid y La Habana y operaciones financieras y tabaco.” Arbor, 547–548 (1991),181–196.Google Scholar
Casson, Mark. “Entrepreneurial Networks in International Business.” Business and Economic History, 26 (1997): 811–823.Google Scholar
Coatsworth, John H. “Obstacles to Economic Growth in Nineteenth-Century Mexico.” American Historical Review, 83, no. 1 (1978): 80–100.10.2307/1865903CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connell, Carol Matheson. “Jardine Matheson & Company: The Role of External Organization in a Nineteenth-Century Trading Firm.” Enterprise & Society, 4, no. 1 (2003): 99–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crumplin, Tim E. “Opaque Networks: Business and Community in the Isle of Man, 1840–1900.” Business History, 49, no. 6 (2007): 780–801.10.1080/00076790701710233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutterham, Tom. “The Revolutionary Transformation of American Merchant Networks: Carter and Wadsworth and Their World, 1775–1800.” Enterprise & Society, 18, no. 1 (2017): 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Divall, Colin. “Business History, Global Networks and the Future of Mobility.” Business History, 54, no. 4 (2012): 542–555.10.1080/00076791.2011.631126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duguid, Paul. Networks and Knowledge: The Beginning and End of the Port Commodity Chain, 1703–1860. Business History Review, 79, no. 3 (2005): 493–526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flandreau, Marc, and Flores, Juan H.. “Bondholders versus Bond-Sellers? Investment Banks and Conditionality Lending in the London Market for Foreign Government Debt, 1815–1913.” European Review of Economic History 16, no. 4 (2012): 356–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forestier, Albane. Risk, Kinship and Personal Relationships in Late Eighteenth-Century West Indian Trade: The Commercial Network of Tobin & Pinney. Business History, 52, no. 6 (2010): 912–931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gervais, Pierre. “Mercantile Credit and Trading Rings in the Eighteenth Century.” Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales: English Edition, 67, no. 4 (2012): 693–730.10.1017/S239856820000042XCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glaisyer, Natasha. Networking: Trade and Exchange in the Eighteenth-Century British Empire. Historical Journal, 47, no. 2 (2004): 451–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, Roger V., and Fernandez, Roberto M.. “Structures of Mediation: A Formal Approach to Brokerage in Transaction Networks.” Sociological Methodology, 19 (1989): 89–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gulati, Ranjay, and Srivastava, Sameer B.. “Bringing Agency Back into Network Research: Constrained Agency and Network Action.” In Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks, edited by Brass, Daniel J., Labianca, Giuseppe, Mehra, Ajay, Halgin, Daniel S., and Borgatti, Stephen P., 73–93. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Granovetter, Mark S. “The Strength of Weak Ties.” Social Networks, 78 (1977): 347–367.10.1016/B978-0-12-442450-0.50025-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haber, Stephen H. “Industrial Concentration and the Capital Markets: A Comparative Study of Brazil, Mexico, and the United States, 1830–1930.” Journal of Economic History, 51, no. 3 (1991): 559–580.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haggerty, John, and Haggerty, Sheryllynne. “Networking with a Network: The Liverpool African Committee 1750–1810.” Enterprise & Society, 18, no. 3 (2017): 566–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halinen, Aino, and Törnroos, Jan-Åke. “The Role of Embeddedness in the Evolution of Business Networks.” Scandinavian Journal of Management, 14, no. 3 (1998): 187–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hancock, David. “The Trouble with Networks: Managing the Scots’ Early-Modern Madeira Trade.” Business History Review, 79, no. 3 (2005): 467–491.10.1017/S0007680500081411CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, Hilarie J. “British Merchant Houses in Mexico, 1821–1860: Conforming Business Practices and Ethics.” Hispanic American Historical Review, 73, no. 2 (1993): 261–290.Google Scholar
Hidy, Ralph W. “The Organization and Functions of Anglo-American Merchant Bankers, 1815– 1860.” Journal of Economic History, 1 (1941): 53–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, Juliette. “Notaries and Credit Markets in Nineteenth-Century Mexico.” Business History Review, 84, no. 3 (2010): 459–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liedtke, Rainer. “Agents for the Rothschilds.” In Panter, Sarah, ed. Mobility and Biography, edited by Panter, Sarah, 33–46. Oldenbourg: Walter de Gruyter, 2015.Google Scholar
Lisle-Williams, Michael. “Merchant Banking Dynasties in the English Class Structure: Ownership, Solidarity and Kinship in the City of London, 1850–1960.” British Journal of Sociology, 35 (1984): 333–362.10.2307/590970CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llorca-Jaña, Manuel. “Shaping Globalization: London’s Merchant Bankers in the Early Nineteenth Century.” Business History Review, 88, no. 3 (2014): 469–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llorca-Jaña, Manuel. “Huth & Co.’s Credit Strategies: A Global Merchant-Banker’s Risk Management, c. 1810–1850”. Estudios de Economía, 42, no. 2 (December 1, 2015). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2697822.10.4067/S0718-52862015000200002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Morell, Miguel Á. “Los Rothschild en Latinoamérica en los siglos XIX y XX.” In Orígenes de la globalización bancaria, edited by Diaz, Hoyo y Marichal, 289–320. Santander: El Colegio de México/Genueve, 2017.Google Scholar
López-Morell, Miguel A., and O’Kean, José M.. “A Stable Network as a Source of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The Rothschilds in Spain, 1835–1931.” Business History, 50, no. 2 (2008): 163–184.10.1080/00076790701868569CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López-Morell, Miguel Á., and O’Kean, José M.. “Rothschilds’ Strategies in International Non-ferrous Metals Markets, 1830–1940.” Economic History Review, 67, no. 3 (2014): 720–749.Google Scholar
Marichal, Carlos. “Obstacles to the Development of Capital Markets in Nineteenth-Century Mexico.” In How Latin America Fell Behind: Essays on the Economic History of Brazil and Mexico, 1800–1914, edited by Haber, Stephen, 118–145. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Marichal, Carlos. “Banking History and Archives in Latin America.” Business History Review, 82, no. 3 (2008): 585–602.10.1017/S0007680500082660CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marzagalli, Silvia. “Establishing Transatlantic Trade Networks in Time of War: Bordeaux and the United States, 1793–1815.” Business History Review, 79, no. 4 (2005): 811–844.10.2307/25097115CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayo, John. “Consuls and Silver Contraband on Mexico’s West Coast in the Era of Santa Anna.” Journal of Latin American Studies, 19, no. 2 (1987): 389–411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musacchio, Aldo, and Read, Ian. “Bankers, Industrialists, and Their Cliques: Elite Networks in Mexico and Brazil During Early Industrialization.” Enterprise & Society, 8, no. 4 (2007): 842–880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parra, Alma. “Mercury’s Agent: Lionel Davidson and the Rothschilds in Mexico.” Rothschild Archive Annual Review, 2008: 27–34.Google Scholar
Penn, Elaine, “The Spanish Agents.” Rothschild Archive Annual Review, 2000: 15–18.Google Scholar
Platt, Tristan. “Spanish Quicksilver: A Preliminary Note. The London Market, Global Trade and the Rothschild Monopoly (1830–1850).” Rothschild Archive Annual Review, 2011: 38–48.Google Scholar
Podolny, Joel M., and Page, Karen L.. “Network Forms of Organization.” Annual Review of Sociology, 24, no. 1 (1998): 57–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oatley, Thomas, Winecoff, W. Kindred, Pennock, Andrew, and Danzman, Sarah Bauerle. “The Political Economy of Global Finance: A Network Model.” Perspectives on Politics, 11, no. 1 (2013): 133–153.10.1017/S1537592712003593CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rauch, James E. “Business and Social Networks in International Trade.” Journal of Economic Literature, 39 (2001): 1177–1203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rippy, J. Fred. “British Investments in Latin America, End of 1913.” Journal of Modern History, 19, no. 3 (1947): 226–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rippy, J. Fred. “Latin America and the British Investment ‘Boom’ of the 1820’s.” Journal of Modern History, 19, no. 2 (1947): 122–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roldan de Montaud, Inés. “Baring Brothers and the Cuban Plantation Economy, 1814–1870.” In Caribbean and the Atlantic World Economy, edited by Leonard, Adrian and Pretel, D., 238–262. London: Palgrave, 2015.10.1057/9781137432728_11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roldan de Montaud, Inés. “La dirección del Banco Español de Cuba: de comerciantes locales a políticos y funcionarios metropolitanos, 1856–1898.” In Orígenes de la globalización bancaria, edited by Diaz, Hoyo y Marichal, 253–288. Santander: El Colegio de México/Genueve, 2017.Google Scholar
Santamaria, Antonio. “Dos siglos de especialización y dos décadas de incertidumbre. La historia económica de Cuba, 1800–2010.” In Institucionalidad y desarrollo económico en América Latina, edited by Gerchuhof, Pablo and LuisBertolá, , 135–190. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL, 2011.Google Scholar
Shapiro, Susan P. “Agency Theory.” Annual Review of Sociology, 31 (2005): 263–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swedberg, Richard. “International Financial Networks and Institutions.” Current Sociology, 38, no. 2 (1990): 259–281.10.1177/001139290038002012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tenenbaum, Barbara A. “Merchants, Money, and Mischief the British in Mexico, 1821–1862.” The Americas, 35, no. 3 (1979): 317–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turrell, Robert Vicat, and Van Helten, Jean-Jacques. “The Rothschilds, the Exploration Company and Mining Finance.” Business History, 28, no. 2 (1986): 181–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Driel, Hugo. “The Role of Middlemen in the International Coffee Trade since 1870: The Dutch Case.” Business History, 45, no. 2 (2003): 77–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Driel, Hugo, and Devos, Greta. “Path Dependence in Ports: The Persistence of Cooperative Forms.” Business History Review 81, no. 4 (2007): 681–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wetherell, Charles. “Historical Social Network Analysis.” International Review of Social History, 43 (1998): 125–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zegarra, Luis Felipe. “Bank Laws, Economic Growth and Early Banking in Latin America: 1840–1920.” Explorations in Economic History, 53 (2014): 101–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, Lionel. Correspondence collection, Rothschild archive. XI/38/76AGoogle Scholar
de Goyri, Francisco. Correspondence collection. Rothschild archive. XI/38/125AGoogle Scholar
Manning & Marshall to Baring Bros. House Correspondence—Mexico (HC4). Baring Archive, ING.Google Scholar