Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T05:04:13.079Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Politics of “Greater India,” a Moral Geography: Moveable Antiquities and Charmed Knowledge Networks between Indonesia, India, and the West

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2021

Marieke Bloembergen
Marieke Bloembergen*
Affiliation:
Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV) and Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
*
Bloembergen@kitlv.nl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Since the nineteenth century, today's South and Southeast Asia have become part of scholarly and popular geographies that define the region as a single, superior, civilization with Hindu-Buddhist spiritual traits and its origins in India. These moral geographies of “Greater India” are still current in universities, museums, textbooks, and popular culture across the world. This article explores, for the period from the 1890s to the 1960s, how networks of scholars, intellectuals, and art collectors linking Indonesia, mainland Asia, and the West helped shaping these moral geographies and enabled the inclusion of predominantly Islamic Indonesia. It contributes to recent debates on the role of religion and affections in Orientalism by following object-biographies and focusing on knowledge exchange via the networks they connected, and by exploring the possibilities, violence, and limits of cultural understanding as objects travel from their sites of origin to elsewhere in the world. The article conceptualizes moral geographies as a heuristic device to understand how people have imagined their belonging to a transnational space—in this case Greater India—whether they live inside or outside of that space. It examines the impact these moral geographies have on processes of inclusion and exclusion, particularly their common disregard for Indonesia's Islamic cultures. It warns against pitfalls of transnational, “Oceanic” approaches to Asian history that focus on cultural flows, as these can exaggerate the region's cultural unity and, in doing so, reify the moral geographies of Greater India that the article interrogates.

Keywords

moral geographiesGreater IndiaIndonesiatransnational knowledge networksAsian artarchaeologyheritagereligionaffections(post-)colonialism
Type
Mapping Social Geography
Information
Comparative Studies in Society and History , Volume 63 , Issue 1 , January 2021 , pp. 170 - 211
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Archives Nationales de France, Paris, Archives of the Ministry of Public Instruction.Google Scholar
Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia (ANRI), Archief Algemene Secretarie (AS).Google Scholar
Bibliothèque National Français, Paris, Collection François Marie Alfred Molténi.Google Scholar
British Library, London, European Manuscripts, India Society Papers.Google Scholar
Leiden University Library, Special Collections, Archive Stutterheim.Google Scholar
The Metropolitan Museum of Arts, The Metropolitan Museum of Arts Archives.Google Scholar
Musée Guimet, Paris, Guimet Archives.Google Scholar
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Object Files.Google Scholar
Le museé du quai Branly, Paris, Object Files.Google Scholar
Visva-Bharati, Rabindra Bhavana, Santiniketan, Correspondence Rabindranath Tagore.Google Scholar
Abe, Stanley K. 1995. Inside the Wonderhouse: Buddhist Art and the West. In Lopez, Donald S., ed., Curators of the Buddha. The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 63–106.Google Scholar
Acri, Andrea. 2016. Introduction: Esoteric Buddhist Networks along the Maritime Silk Roads, 7th–13th Century AD. In Acri, Andrea, ed., Esoteric Buddhism in Mediaeval Maritime Asia: Networks of Masters, Texts, Icons. Singapore: Iseas-Yusof Ishak Institute, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, Kris. 2019. Subversive Seas: Anticolonial Networks across the Twentieth-Century Dutch Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, Daud. 2009. Connected Histories? Regional Historiography and Theories of Cultural Contact between Early South and Southeast Asia. In Feener, R. Michael and Sevea, Terenjit, eds., Islamic Connections: Muslim Societies in South and Southeast Asia. Singapore: ISEAS, 1–24.Google Scholar
Amrith, Sunil. 2011. Migration and Diaspora in Modern Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amrith, Sunil. 2014. Crossing the Bay of Bengal: The Furies of Nature and the Fortunes of Migrants. Boston: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
App, Urs. 2010. The Birth of Orientalism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. 2010. How Histories Make Geographies: Circulation and Context in a Global Perspective. Transcultural Studies 1: 4–13.Google Scholar
Ayatrohaedi, et al. 1986. Kepribadian Budaya Bangsa [Local genius]. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.Google Scholar
Baptiste, Pierre and Zéphir, Theirry, eds. 2013. Angkor: Naissance d'un mythe. Louis Delaporte et le Cambodge. Exhibition catalogue. Paris: Gallimard/Musée national des arts asiatiques Guimet.Google Scholar
Bayly, Susan. 2004. Imagining ‘Greater India’: French and Indian Visions of Colonialism in the Indic Mode. Modern Asian Studies 38, 3: 703–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayly, Susan. 2006. India's ‘Empire of Culture’: Sylvain Lévi and the Greater India Society. In Bansat-Boudon, L. and Lardinois, R., eds., Sylvain Lévi (1863–1935): Etudes indiennes, histoire sociale Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des hautes études, sciences religieuses. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers.Google Scholar
Beaumont, Hervé. 2014. Les aventures d‘Émile Guimet: Un industriel voyageur. Paris: Arthaud.Google Scholar
Benda, Harry J. 1962. The Structure of Southeast Asian History: Some Preliminary Observations. Journal of Southeast Asian History 3, 1: 103–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, James. 2005. Crescent Moon: Islamic Art & Civilization in Southeast Asia. Exhibition Catalog. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Bernet Kempers, A. J. 1937. Cultural Relations between India and Java. Calcutta: Calcutta University Readership Lectures, 1935.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke. 2006. Colonial Spectacles: The Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies at the World Exhibitions, 1880–1931. Singapore: NUS.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke. 2017. Borobudur in ‘the Light of Asia’: Scholars, Pilgrims and Knowledge Networks of Greater India, 1920s–1970s. In Laffan, Michael, ed., Belonging across the Bay of Bengal: Rites, Migrations, Rights. London: Bloomsbury, 35–56.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke. 2018. The Open Ends of the Dutch Empire and the Indonesian Past: Sites, Scholarly Networks and Moral Geographies of Greater India across Decolonization. In Thomas, Martin and Thompson, Andrew S., eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Ends of Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 391–413.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke, and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2011. Conserving the Past, Mobilizing the Indonesian Future: Archaeological Sites, Regime Change and Heritage Politics in Indonesia in the 1950s. BKI 167, 4: 405–36.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2013. Exchange and the Protection of Java's Antiquities: A Transnational Approach to the Problem of Heritage in Colonial Java. Journal of Asian Studies 72, 4: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2014. Een klein land dat de wereld bestormt, Het nieuwe Rijksmuseum en het Nederlandse koloniale verleden. BMGN-Low Countries Historical Review 129, 1: 156–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2015a. The Colonial Archaeological Hero Reconsidered: Post-Colonial Perspectives on the ‘Discovery’ of the Prehistoric Past of Indonesia. In Eberhardt, Gisela and Link, Fabian, eds., Historiographical Approaches to Past Archaeological Research. Berlin: Edition Topoi, 133–64.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2015b. Save Borobudur! The Moral Dynamics of Heritage Formation in Indonesia across Orders and Borders. In Falser, Michael, ed., Cultural Heritage as Civilizing Mission: From Decay to Recovery. Cham; Heidelberg: Springer, 83–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2020. The Politics of Heritage in Indonesia: A Cultural History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonheur, Albert le. 1971. La sculpture indonésienne au Musée Guimet: catalogue et étude iconographique. Paris: Presse Universitaire de France.Google Scholar
Bosch, F.D.K. 1924. A Hypothesis as to the Origin of Indo-Javanese Art. Rupam 17: 6–41.Google Scholar
Bosch, F.D.K. 1952. “Local Genius” en Oud-Javaansche Kunst. Mededelingen der Koninklijke Academie van Wetenschappen 15, 1: 1–25.Google Scholar
Bose, S. 2006. A Hundred Horizons; The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casparis, de, J. G. 1961. Historical Writing on Indonesia (Early Period). In Hall, D.G.E., ed., Historians of South East Asia. London: Oxford University Press, 121–64.Google Scholar
Chappuis, Françoise and Macouin, François, eds. 2001. D'outremer et d’ Orient mystique: Les itinéraires d’Émile Guimet. Souilly-la-Tour: Editions Findakly.Google Scholar
Clémentin-Ojha, Catherine and Manguin, Pierre-Yves. 2007. A Century in Asia: The History of the École française d’ Extrême Orient. Singapore: Didier-Millet.Google Scholar
Cohen, Matthew. 2010. Performing Otherness: Java and Bali on International Stages. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Congres International. 1903. Premier Congrès International des Etudes d’ Extrême-Orient Hanoi (1902): Compte rendu analytique des séances. Hanoi: F. H. Schneider.Google Scholar
Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. 1908. The Influence of Greek on Indian Art. Broad Campden: Essex House Press.Google Scholar
Creswell, Tim. 2005. Moral Geographies. In Sibley, David et al. , eds., Cultural Geography: A Critical Dictionary of Key Concepts. London: I. B. Tauris, 128–34.Google Scholar
Dalrymple, William. 2015. The Great & Beautiful Lost Kingdoms. New York Review of Books, 21 May. At https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/05/21/great-and-beautiful-lost-kingdoms/ (last accessed 19 July 2020).Google Scholar
Das Gupta, Arun. 2002. Rabindranath Tagore in Indonesia: An Experience in Bridge-Building. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 158: 451–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Richard H. 1997. Lives of Indian Images. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeRogatis, Amy. 2003. Moral Geography: Maps, Missionaries, and the American Frontier. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Discussion on the Formation of an Oriental Museum in London. 1931. Indian Art and Letters, New Series 5, 1: 40–59.Google Scholar
Duara, Prasenjit. 2010. Asia Redux: Conceptualizing a Region for Our Times. Journal of Asian Studies 69, 4: 963–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fauque, Paul. 1886. Rapport sur un voyage à Sumatra. Paris: Paris impr. Nationale.Google Scholar
Finot, Louis. 1900. Rapport a M. Le Gouverneur Géneral sur les travaux de la mission archéologique d'Indo-Chine pendant l’ année 1899. Hanoi: EFEO.Google Scholar
Fischer-Tiné, Harald and Stolte, Carolien. 2012. Imagining Asia in India: Nationalism and Internationalism, ca. 1905–1940. Comparative History and Society 54, 1: 56–92.Google Scholar
Flood, Finbar Barry. 2002. Between Cult and Culture: Bamiyan, Islamic Iconoclasm, and the Museum. Art Bulletin 84, 4: 641–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Formichi, Chiara. 2016. Islamic Studies or Asian Studies? Islam in Southeast Asia. Muslim World 106: 696–718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucher, Alfred. 1917a. The Greek Origin of the Buddha Image. In The Beginnings of Buddhist Art and other Essays in Indian and Central-Asian Archaeology. Thomas, L. A. and Thomas, F. W., trans. Paris: Paul Geathner; London: Humphrey Milford, 111–37.Google Scholar
Foucher, Alfred. 1917b. Buddhist Art in Java. In The Beginnings of Buddhist Art and other Essays in Indian and Central-Asian Archaeology. Thomas, L. A. and Thomas, F. W., trans. Paris: Paul Geathner; London: Humphrey Milford, 205–71.Google Scholar
Foucher, Alfred. 1939. Foreword. In Cumming, John, ed., Revealing India's Past. London: The India Society, ix–xiv.Google Scholar
Frost, Mark Ravinder. 2010. “That Great Ocean of Idealism”: Calcutta, the Tagore Circle, and the Idea of Asia, 1900–1920. In Moorthy, Shanti and Jamal, Ashraf, eds., Indian Ocean Studies: Cultural Social and Political Perspectives. New York: Routledge, 251–79.Google Scholar
Gandhi, Leela. 2006. Affective Communities: Anticolonial Thought, Fin-de-Siècle Radicalism, and the Politics of Friendship. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Gangoly, O. C. 1924. The Origin of Indo-Javanese Art. Rupam 17: 54–57.Google Scholar
Gangoly, O. C. 1931. A New Museum of Indian Art at Benares. Indian Art and Letters, N.S. 5, 1: 9–13.Google Scholar
Gangoly, O. C. 1967. The Art of Java. Calcutta: A. N. Gangoly.Google Scholar
Ghose, Ajit. 1931. The Need for Museums of Art in India. Indian Art and Letters, N.S. 5, 1: 140–45.Google Scholar
Green, Nile. 2018. The Waves of Heterotopia: Toward a Vernacular Intellectual History of the Indian Ocean. American Historical Review, June: 846–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guha-Thakurta, Tapate. 1992. The Making of a New ‘Indian’ Art: Artists, Aesthetics and Nationalism in Bengal, c. 1850–1920. Cambridge South Asian Studies 52. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hanley, Will. 2008. Grieving Cosmopolitanism in Middle East Studies. History Compass 6, 5: 1346–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasil diskusi arkeologi “Local Genius”: Kepribadian budaya dalam bitalitas local. 1984. Kompas, 13 Feb.: n.p.Google Scholar
Havell, Ernest Binfield. 1908. Indian Sculpture and Painting: Illustrated by Typical Masterpieces with an Explanation of Their Motives and Ideals. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Heine-Geldern, Robert. 1945. Prehistoric Research in the Netherlands Indies. In Honig, Pieter and Verdoorn, Frans, eds., Science and Scientists in the Netherlands Indies. New York: Board for the Netherlands Indies, Surinam and Curaçao.Google Scholar
Ho, Engseng. 2004. Empire through Diasporic Eyes: The View from the other Boat. Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, 2: 210–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, Engseng. 2006. The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, Engseng. 2017. Inter-Asian Concepts for Mobile Societies. Journal of Asian Studies 76, 4: 907–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmeyr, Isabel. 2012. The Complicating Sea: The Indian Ocean as Method. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 32, 3: 584–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
J. B. 1918. A Buddha Head from Java. Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 8: 22–23.Google Scholar
King, Richard. 1999. Orientalism and Religion; Postcolonial Theory, India and ‘The Mystic East.’ New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kingston, R. 2010. Mind over Matter? History and the Spatial Turn. Cultural and Social History 7, 1: 111–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopytoff, Igor. 1985. The Cultural Biography of Things: Commoditization as Process. In Appadurai, Arjun, ed., The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 64–92.Google Scholar
Kulke, Hermann. 1990. Indian Colonies, Indianization or Cultural Convergence? Reflections on the Changing Image of India's Role in South-East Asia. In Nordholt, H. Schulte, ed., Onderzoek in Zuidoost Azië: Agenda's voor de Jaren negentig. Semaian 3. Leiden: Vakgroep Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Azië en Oceanië, RUL, 8–32.Google Scholar
Kwa, Chong-Guan. 2013. Introduction: Visions of Early Southeast Asia as Greater India. In Visions of Greater India: An Anthology from the Journal of the Greater India Society. (Singapore: Manohar), xv–xlvii.Google Scholar
Labrousse, Pierre. 2009. Brau de Saint Pol Lias a Sumatra (1876–1881): Utopies coloniale et figure de l’ explorateurs. Archipel 77: 83–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laffan, Michael. 2011. The Makings of Indonesian Islam: Orientalism and the Narration of the Sufi Past. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Laffan, Michael, ed. 2017. Belonging across the Bay of Bengal: Religious Rites, Migrations, National Rights. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Lardinois, Roland. 2007. L'invention de l'Inde: Entre ésotérisme et science. Paris: CNRS Editions.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Sherman E. 1950. Review of The Art of Greater India, 3000 B.C.–1800 A.D., by Henry Trubner. Artibus Asiae 13: 119–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lippe, Aschwin. 1960. The Sculpture of Greater India. Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Feb.: 177–92.Google Scholar
Lunsingh-Scheurleer, Pauline 2007. Collecting Javanese Antiquities: The Appropriation of a Newly Discovered Hindu-Buddhist Civilization. In Keurs, Pieter ter, ed., Colonial Collections Revisited. Leiden: Research School CNWS, 71–114.Google Scholar
Manguin, Pierre-Yves. 2011. Introduction. In Manguin, Pierre-Yves, Manui, A., and Wade, Geoff, eds., Early Interactions between South and Southeast Asia: Reflections on Cross-Cultural Exchange. Singapore: Iseas; New Delhi: Manohar, xiii–xxxi.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchand, Suzanne L. 2009. German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: Religion, Race, and Scholarship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mathur, Saloni. 2007. India by Design: Colonial History and Cultural Display. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Meskell, Lynn. 2015. Transacting UNESCO World Heritage: Gifts and Exchanges on a Global Stage. Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale 23, 1: 3–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Middell, Matthias and Naumann, Katja. 2010. Global History and the Spatial Turn: From the Impact of Area Studies to the Study of Critical Junctures of Globalization. Journal of Global History 5, 1: 149–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miksic, John. 1990. Borobudur: Golden Tales of the Buddhas. Boston: Shambhala.Google Scholar
Mitter, Partha. 1992[1977]. Much Maligned Monsters: A History of European Reactions to Indian Art. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mitter, Partha. 1994. Art and Nationalism in Colonial India, 1855–1922: Occidental Orientations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mus, Paul. 1975[1933]. India Seen from the East: Indian and Indigenous Cults in Champa. Mabbett, I. W., trans. Clayton, Victoria: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University Papers on Southeast Asia, no 3. (First published in BEFEO, 1933; published also as L'Inde vu de l'Est in 1934.)Google Scholar
Okakura, Kakuzo. 1903. The Ideals of the East with Special Reference to the Art of Japan. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Omoto, Keiko and Macouin, Francis. 1990. Quand le Japon s'ouvrit au monde. Paris: Gallimard/réunion des musées nationaux.Google Scholar
Oudheidkundig Verslag, 1927. Eerste en Tweede Kwartaal 1926. Weltevreden: Albrecht & Co's-Gravenhage; Nijhoff, Bandoeng: A. C. Nix.Google Scholar
Oudheidkundig Verslag, 1928. Eerste en Tweede Kwartaal 1927. Weltevreden: Albrecht & Co's-Gravenhage; Nijhoff; Bandoeng: A. C. Nix.Google Scholar
Oudheidkundig Verslag, 1930. B. Oudheidkundig Onderzoek en Monumentenzorg. Batavia-Centrum: Albrecht & Co.Google Scholar
Paramore, Kiri, ed. 2016. Religion and Orientalism in Asian Studies. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon. 1995. The Sanskrit Cosmopolis, 300–1300 CE: Transculturation, Vernacularization, and the Question of Ideology. In Houben, Jan E. M., ed., Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Quaritch Wales, H. G. 1951. The Making of Greater India: A Study in South-East Asian Culture Change. London: Bernard Quaritch.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Martin. 2011. Colonial Encounters between India and Indonesia. South Asian History and Culture 2, 4: 522–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawson, Philip S. 1967. The Art of Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Burma, Java, Bali. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Craig J. 1995. A New Look at Old Southeast Asia. Journal of Asian Studies 54, 2: 419–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricci, Ronit. 2011. Islam Translated: Literature, Conversion, and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royal Commission on National Museums and Galleries, Extracts. 1931. Indian Art and Letters, New Series 5, 1: 60–64.Google Scholar
Schama, Simon. 1987. The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Shatanawi, Mirjam. 2015. Islam at the Tropenmuseum. Arnhem: LM Publishers.Google Scholar
Singaravélou, Pierre. 1999. L'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient ou l’ institution des marges (1898–1956). Paris: L'Harmattan.Google Scholar
Smail, John. 1961. On the Possibility of an Autonomous History of Modern Southeast Asia. Journal of Southeast Asian History 2, 2: 73–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, David. 2000. Moral Geographies: Ethics in a World of Difference. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soekmono, . 2001. Serat Centhini and the Rejected Buddha from the Main Stupa of Borobudur. In Klokke, Marijke J. and van Kooij, Karel R., eds., Fruits of Inspiration: Studies in Honour of Prof. J. G. de Casparis. Groningen: Forsten, 474–85.Google Scholar
Southworth, William. 2017. Twelve Stone Sculptures from Java. Rijksmuseum Bulletin 65: 245–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stolte, Carolien. 2013. Orienting India: Interwar Internationalism in an Asian Inflection, 1917–1937. PhD diss., University of Leiden.Google Scholar
Strzygowski, Josef et al. 1925. The Influences of Indian Art: Six Papers for the Society. London: India Society.Google Scholar
Stutterheim, W. F. 1924. Oud Javaansche plastiek in Europese musea. Bijdragen tot de Taal, Land- en Volkenkunde 80: 287–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stutterheim, W. F. 1929. Indian Influences in the Lands of the Pacific. Weltevreden: G. Kolff.Google Scholar
Stutterheim, W. F. 1935. Indian Influences in Old-balinese Art. London: India Society.Google Scholar
Stutterheim, W. F. 1939. Note on Cultural Relations between South India and Java. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 79; 157–78.Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay, ed. 2005. Explorations in Connected History: Mughals and Franks. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. 2016. One Asia or Many? Reflections from Connected History. Modern Asian Studies 50, 1: 5–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagore, Rabindranath. 1912. Gitanjali. London: India Society.Google Scholar
Tagore, Rabindranath. 2007[1927]. Boro-Budur. In English Writings of Tagore: Poems (vol. 2). Ray, Mohit Kumar, compiler. New Delhi: Atlantic, 314–15.Google Scholar
Taylor, Kathleen. 2001. Sir John Woodroffe, Tantra and Bengal: ‘An Indian Soul in a European Body? ’ Richmond: Curzon Press.Google Scholar
Trubner, Henry. 1950a. The Art of Greater India, 3000 B.C.–1800 A.D.: An exhibition of Indian Art presented under the patronage of the Embassy of India functioning for the Government of India. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Trubner, Henry. 1950b. The Art of Greater India. 1950. Bulletin VVAK, Nieuwe Serie 29: 28–29.Google Scholar
Turner, Alicia. 2013. The Bible, the Bottle, and the Knife: Religion as a Mode for Resisting Colonialism for U Dhammaloka. Contemporary Buddhism: An Interdisciplinary Journal 14, 1: 66–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, Alicia. 2018. Pali Scholarship “in Its Truest Sense” in Burma: The Multiple Trajectories in Colonial Deployments of Religion. Journal of Asian Studies 77, 1: 123–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, Sarah Victoria. 2012. “Alive and Significant”: Aspects of Indian Art, Stella Kramrisch and Dora Gordine in South Kensington, c 1940. Wasafiri 27, 2: 40–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valette, John de la. 1931. The Encouragement of Art and Archaeology in the Indian States. Indian Art and Letters, N.S. 5, 1: 111–27.Google Scholar
Visser, H.F.E. 1931. A Museum of Asiatic Art in Amsterdam. Indian Art and Letters, N.S. 5, 1: 146–47.Google Scholar
Visser, H.F.E. 1932. Het museum van Aziatische Kunst in het Stedelijk Museum te Amsterdam. Maandblad voor beeldende Kunsten 9, 5: 131–39.Google Scholar
Vogel, Jean Philippe. 1925. The Relation between the Art of India & Java. London: The India Society.Google Scholar
Warf, Barney and Arias, Santa, eds. 2008. The Spatial Turn: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Milton Park: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheatley, Paul. 1982. Presidential Address: India beyond the Ganges—Desultory Reflections on the Origins of Civilization in Southeast Asia. Journal of Asian Studies 42, 1: 13–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winichakul, Tongchai. 1994. Siam Mapped. A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Withers, C.W.J. 2009. Place and the ‘Spatial Turn’ in Geography and History. Journal of the History of Ideas 7, 4: 637–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolters, O. W. 1999[1982]. History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives. Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program and ISEAS.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Michael. 2007. The Story of India. London: BBC Books.Google Scholar
Archives Nationales de France, Paris, Archives of the Ministry of Public Instruction.Google Scholar
Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia (ANRI), Archief Algemene Secretarie (AS).Google Scholar
Bibliothèque National Français, Paris, Collection François Marie Alfred Molténi.Google Scholar
British Library, London, European Manuscripts, India Society Papers.Google Scholar
Leiden University Library, Special Collections, Archive Stutterheim.Google Scholar
The Metropolitan Museum of Arts, The Metropolitan Museum of Arts Archives.Google Scholar
Musée Guimet, Paris, Guimet Archives.Google Scholar
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Object Files.Google Scholar
Le museé du quai Branly, Paris, Object Files.Google Scholar
Visva-Bharati, Rabindra Bhavana, Santiniketan, Correspondence Rabindranath Tagore.Google Scholar
Abe, Stanley K. 1995. Inside the Wonderhouse: Buddhist Art and the West. In Lopez, Donald S., ed., Curators of the Buddha. The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 63–106.Google Scholar
Acri, Andrea. 2016. Introduction: Esoteric Buddhist Networks along the Maritime Silk Roads, 7th–13th Century AD. In Acri, Andrea, ed., Esoteric Buddhism in Mediaeval Maritime Asia: Networks of Masters, Texts, Icons. Singapore: Iseas-Yusof Ishak Institute, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, Kris. 2019. Subversive Seas: Anticolonial Networks across the Twentieth-Century Dutch Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, Daud. 2009. Connected Histories? Regional Historiography and Theories of Cultural Contact between Early South and Southeast Asia. In Feener, R. Michael and Sevea, Terenjit, eds., Islamic Connections: Muslim Societies in South and Southeast Asia. Singapore: ISEAS, 1–24.Google Scholar
Amrith, Sunil. 2011. Migration and Diaspora in Modern Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amrith, Sunil. 2014. Crossing the Bay of Bengal: The Furies of Nature and the Fortunes of Migrants. Boston: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
App, Urs. 2010. The Birth of Orientalism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. 2010. How Histories Make Geographies: Circulation and Context in a Global Perspective. Transcultural Studies 1: 4–13.Google Scholar
Ayatrohaedi, et al. 1986. Kepribadian Budaya Bangsa [Local genius]. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.Google Scholar
Baptiste, Pierre and Zéphir, Theirry, eds. 2013. Angkor: Naissance d'un mythe. Louis Delaporte et le Cambodge. Exhibition catalogue. Paris: Gallimard/Musée national des arts asiatiques Guimet.Google Scholar
Bayly, Susan. 2004. Imagining ‘Greater India’: French and Indian Visions of Colonialism in the Indic Mode. Modern Asian Studies 38, 3: 703–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayly, Susan. 2006. India's ‘Empire of Culture’: Sylvain Lévi and the Greater India Society. In Bansat-Boudon, L. and Lardinois, R., eds., Sylvain Lévi (1863–1935): Etudes indiennes, histoire sociale Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des hautes études, sciences religieuses. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers.Google Scholar
Beaumont, Hervé. 2014. Les aventures d‘Émile Guimet: Un industriel voyageur. Paris: Arthaud.Google Scholar
Benda, Harry J. 1962. The Structure of Southeast Asian History: Some Preliminary Observations. Journal of Southeast Asian History 3, 1: 103–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, James. 2005. Crescent Moon: Islamic Art & Civilization in Southeast Asia. Exhibition Catalog. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Bernet Kempers, A. J. 1937. Cultural Relations between India and Java. Calcutta: Calcutta University Readership Lectures, 1935.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke. 2006. Colonial Spectacles: The Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies at the World Exhibitions, 1880–1931. Singapore: NUS.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke. 2017. Borobudur in ‘the Light of Asia’: Scholars, Pilgrims and Knowledge Networks of Greater India, 1920s–1970s. In Laffan, Michael, ed., Belonging across the Bay of Bengal: Rites, Migrations, Rights. London: Bloomsbury, 35–56.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke. 2018. The Open Ends of the Dutch Empire and the Indonesian Past: Sites, Scholarly Networks and Moral Geographies of Greater India across Decolonization. In Thomas, Martin and Thompson, Andrew S., eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Ends of Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 391–413.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke, and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2011. Conserving the Past, Mobilizing the Indonesian Future: Archaeological Sites, Regime Change and Heritage Politics in Indonesia in the 1950s. BKI 167, 4: 405–36.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2013. Exchange and the Protection of Java's Antiquities: A Transnational Approach to the Problem of Heritage in Colonial Java. Journal of Asian Studies 72, 4: 1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2014. Een klein land dat de wereld bestormt, Het nieuwe Rijksmuseum en het Nederlandse koloniale verleden. BMGN-Low Countries Historical Review 129, 1: 156–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2015a. The Colonial Archaeological Hero Reconsidered: Post-Colonial Perspectives on the ‘Discovery’ of the Prehistoric Past of Indonesia. In Eberhardt, Gisela and Link, Fabian, eds., Historiographical Approaches to Past Archaeological Research. Berlin: Edition Topoi, 133–64.Google Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2015b. Save Borobudur! The Moral Dynamics of Heritage Formation in Indonesia across Orders and Borders. In Falser, Michael, ed., Cultural Heritage as Civilizing Mission: From Decay to Recovery. Cham; Heidelberg: Springer, 83–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloembergen, Marieke and Eickhoff, Martijn. 2020. The Politics of Heritage in Indonesia: A Cultural History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonheur, Albert le. 1971. La sculpture indonésienne au Musée Guimet: catalogue et étude iconographique. Paris: Presse Universitaire de France.Google Scholar
Bosch, F.D.K. 1924. A Hypothesis as to the Origin of Indo-Javanese Art. Rupam 17: 6–41.Google Scholar
Bosch, F.D.K. 1952. “Local Genius” en Oud-Javaansche Kunst. Mededelingen der Koninklijke Academie van Wetenschappen 15, 1: 1–25.Google Scholar
Bose, S. 2006. A Hundred Horizons; The Indian Ocean in the Age of Global Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casparis, de, J. G. 1961. Historical Writing on Indonesia (Early Period). In Hall, D.G.E., ed., Historians of South East Asia. London: Oxford University Press, 121–64.Google Scholar
Chappuis, Françoise and Macouin, François, eds. 2001. D'outremer et d’ Orient mystique: Les itinéraires d’Émile Guimet. Souilly-la-Tour: Editions Findakly.Google Scholar
Clémentin-Ojha, Catherine and Manguin, Pierre-Yves. 2007. A Century in Asia: The History of the École française d’ Extrême Orient. Singapore: Didier-Millet.Google Scholar
Cohen, Matthew. 2010. Performing Otherness: Java and Bali on International Stages. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Congres International. 1903. Premier Congrès International des Etudes d’ Extrême-Orient Hanoi (1902): Compte rendu analytique des séances. Hanoi: F. H. Schneider.Google Scholar
Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. 1908. The Influence of Greek on Indian Art. Broad Campden: Essex House Press.Google Scholar
Creswell, Tim. 2005. Moral Geographies. In Sibley, David et al. , eds., Cultural Geography: A Critical Dictionary of Key Concepts. London: I. B. Tauris, 128–34.Google Scholar
Dalrymple, William. 2015. The Great & Beautiful Lost Kingdoms. New York Review of Books, 21 May. At https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/05/21/great-and-beautiful-lost-kingdoms/ (last accessed 19 July 2020).Google Scholar
Das Gupta, Arun. 2002. Rabindranath Tagore in Indonesia: An Experience in Bridge-Building. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 158: 451–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Richard H. 1997. Lives of Indian Images. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeRogatis, Amy. 2003. Moral Geography: Maps, Missionaries, and the American Frontier. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Discussion on the Formation of an Oriental Museum in London. 1931. Indian Art and Letters, New Series 5, 1: 40–59.Google Scholar
Duara, Prasenjit. 2010. Asia Redux: Conceptualizing a Region for Our Times. Journal of Asian Studies 69, 4: 963–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fauque, Paul. 1886. Rapport sur un voyage à Sumatra. Paris: Paris impr. Nationale.Google Scholar
Finot, Louis. 1900. Rapport a M. Le Gouverneur Géneral sur les travaux de la mission archéologique d'Indo-Chine pendant l’ année 1899. Hanoi: EFEO.Google Scholar
Fischer-Tiné, Harald and Stolte, Carolien. 2012. Imagining Asia in India: Nationalism and Internationalism, ca. 1905–1940. Comparative History and Society 54, 1: 56–92.Google Scholar
Flood, Finbar Barry. 2002. Between Cult and Culture: Bamiyan, Islamic Iconoclasm, and the Museum. Art Bulletin 84, 4: 641–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Formichi, Chiara. 2016. Islamic Studies or Asian Studies? Islam in Southeast Asia. Muslim World 106: 696–718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucher, Alfred. 1917a. The Greek Origin of the Buddha Image. In The Beginnings of Buddhist Art and other Essays in Indian and Central-Asian Archaeology. Thomas, L. A. and Thomas, F. W., trans. Paris: Paul Geathner; London: Humphrey Milford, 111–37.Google Scholar
Foucher, Alfred. 1917b. Buddhist Art in Java. In The Beginnings of Buddhist Art and other Essays in Indian and Central-Asian Archaeology. Thomas, L. A. and Thomas, F. W., trans. Paris: Paul Geathner; London: Humphrey Milford, 205–71.Google Scholar
Foucher, Alfred. 1939. Foreword. In Cumming, John, ed., Revealing India's Past. London: The India Society, ix–xiv.Google Scholar
Frost, Mark Ravinder. 2010. “That Great Ocean of Idealism”: Calcutta, the Tagore Circle, and the Idea of Asia, 1900–1920. In Moorthy, Shanti and Jamal, Ashraf, eds., Indian Ocean Studies: Cultural Social and Political Perspectives. New York: Routledge, 251–79.Google Scholar
Gandhi, Leela. 2006. Affective Communities: Anticolonial Thought, Fin-de-Siècle Radicalism, and the Politics of Friendship. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Gangoly, O. C. 1924. The Origin of Indo-Javanese Art. Rupam 17: 54–57.Google Scholar
Gangoly, O. C. 1931. A New Museum of Indian Art at Benares. Indian Art and Letters, N.S. 5, 1: 9–13.Google Scholar
Gangoly, O. C. 1967. The Art of Java. Calcutta: A. N. Gangoly.Google Scholar
Ghose, Ajit. 1931. The Need for Museums of Art in India. Indian Art and Letters, N.S. 5, 1: 140–45.Google Scholar
Green, Nile. 2018. The Waves of Heterotopia: Toward a Vernacular Intellectual History of the Indian Ocean. American Historical Review, June: 846–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guha-Thakurta, Tapate. 1992. The Making of a New ‘Indian’ Art: Artists, Aesthetics and Nationalism in Bengal, c. 1850–1920. Cambridge South Asian Studies 52. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hanley, Will. 2008. Grieving Cosmopolitanism in Middle East Studies. History Compass 6, 5: 1346–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasil diskusi arkeologi “Local Genius”: Kepribadian budaya dalam bitalitas local. 1984. Kompas, 13 Feb.: n.p.Google Scholar
Havell, Ernest Binfield. 1908. Indian Sculpture and Painting: Illustrated by Typical Masterpieces with an Explanation of Their Motives and Ideals. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Heine-Geldern, Robert. 1945. Prehistoric Research in the Netherlands Indies. In Honig, Pieter and Verdoorn, Frans, eds., Science and Scientists in the Netherlands Indies. New York: Board for the Netherlands Indies, Surinam and Curaçao.Google Scholar
Ho, Engseng. 2004. Empire through Diasporic Eyes: The View from the other Boat. Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, 2: 210–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, Engseng. 2006. The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, Engseng. 2017. Inter-Asian Concepts for Mobile Societies. Journal of Asian Studies 76, 4: 907–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hofmeyr, Isabel. 2012. The Complicating Sea: The Indian Ocean as Method. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 32, 3: 584–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
J. B. 1918. A Buddha Head from Java. Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 8: 22–23.Google Scholar
King, Richard. 1999. Orientalism and Religion; Postcolonial Theory, India and ‘The Mystic East.’ New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kingston, R. 2010. Mind over Matter? History and the Spatial Turn. Cultural and Social History 7, 1: 111–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kopytoff, Igor. 1985. The Cultural Biography of Things: Commoditization as Process. In Appadurai, Arjun, ed., The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 64–92.Google Scholar
Kulke, Hermann. 1990. Indian Colonies, Indianization or Cultural Convergence? Reflections on the Changing Image of India's Role in South-East Asia. In Nordholt, H. Schulte, ed., Onderzoek in Zuidoost Azië: Agenda's voor de Jaren negentig. Semaian 3. Leiden: Vakgroep Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Azië en Oceanië, RUL, 8–32.Google Scholar
Kwa, Chong-Guan. 2013. Introduction: Visions of Early Southeast Asia as Greater India. In Visions of Greater India: An Anthology from the Journal of the Greater India Society. (Singapore: Manohar), xv–xlvii.Google Scholar
Labrousse, Pierre. 2009. Brau de Saint Pol Lias a Sumatra (1876–1881): Utopies coloniale et figure de l’ explorateurs. Archipel 77: 83–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laffan, Michael. 2011. The Makings of Indonesian Islam: Orientalism and the Narration of the Sufi Past. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Laffan, Michael, ed. 2017. Belonging across the Bay of Bengal: Religious Rites, Migrations, National Rights. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Lardinois, Roland. 2007. L'invention de l'Inde: Entre ésotérisme et science. Paris: CNRS Editions.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Sherman E. 1950. Review of The Art of Greater India, 3000 B.C.–1800 A.D., by Henry Trubner. Artibus Asiae 13: 119–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lippe, Aschwin. 1960. The Sculpture of Greater India. Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, Feb.: 177–92.Google Scholar
Lunsingh-Scheurleer, Pauline 2007. Collecting Javanese Antiquities: The Appropriation of a Newly Discovered Hindu-Buddhist Civilization. In Keurs, Pieter ter, ed., Colonial Collections Revisited. Leiden: Research School CNWS, 71–114.Google Scholar
Manguin, Pierre-Yves. 2011. Introduction. In Manguin, Pierre-Yves, Manui, A., and Wade, Geoff, eds., Early Interactions between South and Southeast Asia: Reflections on Cross-Cultural Exchange. Singapore: Iseas; New Delhi: Manohar, xiii–xxxi.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marchand, Suzanne L. 2009. German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: Religion, Race, and Scholarship. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mathur, Saloni. 2007. India by Design: Colonial History and Cultural Display. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Meskell, Lynn. 2015. Transacting UNESCO World Heritage: Gifts and Exchanges on a Global Stage. Social Anthropology/Anthropologie Sociale 23, 1: 3–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Middell, Matthias and Naumann, Katja. 2010. Global History and the Spatial Turn: From the Impact of Area Studies to the Study of Critical Junctures of Globalization. Journal of Global History 5, 1: 149–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miksic, John. 1990. Borobudur: Golden Tales of the Buddhas. Boston: Shambhala.Google Scholar
Mitter, Partha. 1992[1977]. Much Maligned Monsters: A History of European Reactions to Indian Art. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mitter, Partha. 1994. Art and Nationalism in Colonial India, 1855–1922: Occidental Orientations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mus, Paul. 1975[1933]. India Seen from the East: Indian and Indigenous Cults in Champa. Mabbett, I. W., trans. Clayton, Victoria: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University Papers on Southeast Asia, no 3. (First published in BEFEO, 1933; published also as L'Inde vu de l'Est in 1934.)Google Scholar
Okakura, Kakuzo. 1903. The Ideals of the East with Special Reference to the Art of Japan. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Omoto, Keiko and Macouin, Francis. 1990. Quand le Japon s'ouvrit au monde. Paris: Gallimard/réunion des musées nationaux.Google Scholar
Oudheidkundig Verslag, 1927. Eerste en Tweede Kwartaal 1926. Weltevreden: Albrecht & Co's-Gravenhage; Nijhoff, Bandoeng: A. C. Nix.Google Scholar
Oudheidkundig Verslag, 1928. Eerste en Tweede Kwartaal 1927. Weltevreden: Albrecht & Co's-Gravenhage; Nijhoff; Bandoeng: A. C. Nix.Google Scholar
Oudheidkundig Verslag, 1930. B. Oudheidkundig Onderzoek en Monumentenzorg. Batavia-Centrum: Albrecht & Co.Google Scholar
Paramore, Kiri, ed. 2016. Religion and Orientalism in Asian Studies. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon. 1995. The Sanskrit Cosmopolis, 300–1300 CE: Transculturation, Vernacularization, and the Question of Ideology. In Houben, Jan E. M., ed., Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Quaritch Wales, H. G. 1951. The Making of Greater India: A Study in South-East Asian Culture Change. London: Bernard Quaritch.Google Scholar
Ramstedt, Martin. 2011. Colonial Encounters between India and Indonesia. South Asian History and Culture 2, 4: 522–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawson, Philip S. 1967. The Art of Southeast Asia: Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Burma, Java, Bali. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Craig J. 1995. A New Look at Old Southeast Asia. Journal of Asian Studies 54, 2: 419–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricci, Ronit. 2011. Islam Translated: Literature, Conversion, and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Royal Commission on National Museums and Galleries, Extracts. 1931. Indian Art and Letters, New Series 5, 1: 60–64.Google Scholar
Schama, Simon. 1987. The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Shatanawi, Mirjam. 2015. Islam at the Tropenmuseum. Arnhem: LM Publishers.Google Scholar
Singaravélou, Pierre. 1999. L'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient ou l’ institution des marges (1898–1956). Paris: L'Harmattan.Google Scholar
Smail, John. 1961. On the Possibility of an Autonomous History of Modern Southeast Asia. Journal of Southeast Asian History 2, 2: 73–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, David. 2000. Moral Geographies: Ethics in a World of Difference. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soekmono, . 2001. Serat Centhini and the Rejected Buddha from the Main Stupa of Borobudur. In Klokke, Marijke J. and van Kooij, Karel R., eds., Fruits of Inspiration: Studies in Honour of Prof. J. G. de Casparis. Groningen: Forsten, 474–85.Google Scholar
Southworth, William. 2017. Twelve Stone Sculptures from Java. Rijksmuseum Bulletin 65: 245–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stolte, Carolien. 2013. Orienting India: Interwar Internationalism in an Asian Inflection, 1917–1937. PhD diss., University of Leiden.Google Scholar
Strzygowski, Josef et al. 1925. The Influences of Indian Art: Six Papers for the Society. London: India Society.Google Scholar
Stutterheim, W. F. 1924. Oud Javaansche plastiek in Europese musea. Bijdragen tot de Taal, Land- en Volkenkunde 80: 287–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stutterheim, W. F. 1929. Indian Influences in the Lands of the Pacific. Weltevreden: G. Kolff.Google Scholar
Stutterheim, W. F. 1935. Indian Influences in Old-balinese Art. London: India Society.Google Scholar
Stutterheim, W. F. 1939. Note on Cultural Relations between South India and Java. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 79; 157–78.Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay, ed. 2005. Explorations in Connected History: Mughals and Franks. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. 2016. One Asia or Many? Reflections from Connected History. Modern Asian Studies 50, 1: 5–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagore, Rabindranath. 1912. Gitanjali. London: India Society.Google Scholar
Tagore, Rabindranath. 2007[1927]. Boro-Budur. In English Writings of Tagore: Poems (vol. 2). Ray, Mohit Kumar, compiler. New Delhi: Atlantic, 314–15.Google Scholar
Taylor, Kathleen. 2001. Sir John Woodroffe, Tantra and Bengal: ‘An Indian Soul in a European Body? ’ Richmond: Curzon Press.Google Scholar
Trubner, Henry. 1950a. The Art of Greater India, 3000 B.C.–1800 A.D.: An exhibition of Indian Art presented under the patronage of the Embassy of India functioning for the Government of India. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Trubner, Henry. 1950b. The Art of Greater India. 1950. Bulletin VVAK, Nieuwe Serie 29: 28–29.Google Scholar
Turner, Alicia. 2013. The Bible, the Bottle, and the Knife: Religion as a Mode for Resisting Colonialism for U Dhammaloka. Contemporary Buddhism: An Interdisciplinary Journal 14, 1: 66–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, Alicia. 2018. Pali Scholarship “in Its Truest Sense” in Burma: The Multiple Trajectories in Colonial Deployments of Religion. Journal of Asian Studies 77, 1: 123–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, Sarah Victoria. 2012. “Alive and Significant”: Aspects of Indian Art, Stella Kramrisch and Dora Gordine in South Kensington, c 1940. Wasafiri 27, 2: 40–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valette, John de la. 1931. The Encouragement of Art and Archaeology in the Indian States. Indian Art and Letters, N.S. 5, 1: 111–27.Google Scholar
Visser, H.F.E. 1931. A Museum of Asiatic Art in Amsterdam. Indian Art and Letters, N.S. 5, 1: 146–47.Google Scholar
Visser, H.F.E. 1932. Het museum van Aziatische Kunst in het Stedelijk Museum te Amsterdam. Maandblad voor beeldende Kunsten 9, 5: 131–39.Google Scholar
Vogel, Jean Philippe. 1925. The Relation between the Art of India & Java. London: The India Society.Google Scholar
Warf, Barney and Arias, Santa, eds. 2008. The Spatial Turn: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Milton Park: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheatley, Paul. 1982. Presidential Address: India beyond the Ganges—Desultory Reflections on the Origins of Civilization in Southeast Asia. Journal of Asian Studies 42, 1: 13–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winichakul, Tongchai. 1994. Siam Mapped. A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Withers, C.W.J. 2009. Place and the ‘Spatial Turn’ in Geography and History. Journal of the History of Ideas 7, 4: 637–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolters, O. W. 1999[1982]. History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives. Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program and ISEAS.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Michael. 2007. The Story of India. London: BBC Books.Google Scholar