Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-t6hkb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T18:25:52.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Assimilation and Nonassimilation of Asian-Americans and Asian Peruvians

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2009

Stephen I. Thompson
Affiliation:
University of Oklahoma

Extract

In a recent paper in this journal, Bernard Wong (1978) compares the assimilative experiences of Chinese in New York City and Lima, Peru. He concludes that the Lima Chinese are substantially more assimilated than their New York counterparts and attributes this distinction in part to differences in the attitudes of the larger societies in which the two Chinese communities are embedded. Discriminatory immigration and miscegenation laws and endemic racism in the United States inhibited the assimilation of the New York Chinese, while a substantially lower level of racial prejudice and official discrimination in Peru facilitated the assimilative process there.

Type
Assimilation and Association among Ethnic Minorities
Copyright
Copyright © Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arakaki, Lucia (n.d.) Ambiente Cultural y Social del Nisei. Lima: Editorial A.U.N.P. (mimeo.).Google Scholar
Banton, Michael (1974) “1960: A Turning Point in the Study of Race Relations,” Daedalus, 103, 31–4.Google Scholar
Barnhart, Edward N. (1962) “Japanese Internees from Peru,” Pacific Historical Review, 31, 169–78.Google Scholar
Barth, Fredrik, ed. (1969) Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Boston: Little Brown.Google Scholar
Befu, Harumi (1965) “Contrastive Acculturation of California Japanese,” Human Organization, 24, 209–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blalock, Hubert M. Jr. (1967) Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Bonacich, Edna (1973) “A Theory of Middleman Minorities,” American Sociological Review, 38, 583–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caudill, William (1952) “Japanese-American Personality and Acculturation,” Genetic Psychology Monographs, 45, 3102.Google ScholarPubMed
Caudill, William and de Vos, George (1956) “Achievement, Culture and Personality: The Case of the Japanese Americans,” American Anthropologist, 58, 1102–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang-Rodriguez, Eugenio (1958) “Chinese Labor Migration in Latin America in the Nineteenth Century,” Revista de Historia de America, 46, 375–97.Google Scholar
Cohen, Abner (1969) Custom and Politics in Tribal Africa: A Study of Hausa Migrants in Yoruba Towns. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conroy, Hilary (1953) The Japanese Frontier in Hawaii. University of California Publications in History, No. 46.Google Scholar
Conroy, Hilary and Miyakawa, T. Scott, eds. (1972) East Across the Pacific: Historical and Sociological Studies of Japanese Immigration and Assimilation. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.Google Scholar
Coolidge, Mary (1909) Chinese Immigration. New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Daniels, Roger (1971) Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Despres, Leo A., ed. (1975) Ethnicity and Resource Competition in Plural Societies. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Earl, David Magarey (1964) Emperor and Nation in Japan: Political Thinkers of the Tokugawa Period. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Fairbank, John K., Reischauer, Edwin O. and Craig, Albert M. (1965) East Asia: The Modern Transformation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Faron, Louis C. (1970) “Ethnicity and Social Mobility in the Chancay Valley, Peru,” in Goldschmidt, Walter and Hoijer, Harry, eds., The Social Anthropology of Latin America: Essays in Honor of Ralph Leon Beals. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 224–55.Google Scholar
Chung, Ho Ming (1959) Overseas Chinese Enterprises in Latin America. Taipei: Chung Kuo Chiu Chin She Hui.Google Scholar
Hosokawa, Bill (1969) Nisei: The Quiet Americans. New York: William Morrow.Google Scholar
Hsu, Francis L. K. (1971) The Challenge of the American Dream: The Chinese in the United States. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Irie, Toraji (19511952) “History of Japanese Immigration to Peru,” Hispanic American Historical Review, 31, 427–52, 648–64; 32, 7382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iriye, Akira (1972) Pacific Estrangement: Japanese and American Expansion, 1897–1911. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Kitano, Harry H.L. (1969) Japanese Americans: The Evolution of a Subculture. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Kwong, Alice Jo (1958) “The Chinese in Peru,” in Morton, Fried, ed., Colloquium on Overseas Chinese. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations: 4148.Google Scholar
Lee, Rose Hum (1960) The Chinese in the United States of America. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Levine, Gene N., and Montero, Darrel M. (1973) “Socioeconomic Mobility among Three Generations of Japanese Americans,” Journal of Social Issues, 29, 3348.Google Scholar
Lyman, Stanford M. (1970) The Asian in the West. Reno and Las Vegas: Western Studies Center, Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada.Google Scholar
Lyon, Michael (1972) “Race and Ethnicity in Pluralistic Societies: A Comparison of Minorities in the U.K. and the U.S.A”, New Community (summer), 256–62.Google Scholar
Marumoto, Masaji (1972) “Eugene Van Reed and ‘First Year’ Immigrants to Hawaii,” in Conroy, Hilary and Miyakawa, T. Scott, eds., East Across the Pacific-Historical and Sociological Studies of Japanese Immigration and Assimilation. Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio; 539.Google Scholar
Nakane, Chie (1970) Japanese Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Schermerhorn, Richard A. (1970) Comparative Ethnic Relations: A Framework for Theory and Research. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Skinner, William (1960) “Change and Persistence in Chinese Culture Overseas,” Journal of the South Seas Society, XIV, 80100.Google Scholar
Spicer, Edward H., Hansen, Asael T., Katherine, Luomala, and Opler, Marvin K. (1969) Impounded People: Japanese-Americans in the Relocation Centers. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Spiro, Melford (1955) “The Acculturation of American Ethnic Groups,” American Anthropologist, 57, 1242–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, Watt (1951) Chinese Bondage in Peru. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Stover, Leon E., and Stover, Takeko K. (1976) China: An Anthropological Perspective. Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear.Google Scholar
Sue, Stanley, and Kitano, Harry H. L. (1973) “Stereotypes as a Measure of Success,” Journal of Social Issues, 29, 8398.Google Scholar
Thompson, Stephen I. (1968) “Religious Conversion and Religious Zeal in an Overseas Enclave: The Case of the Japanese in Bolivia,” Anthropological Quarterly, 41, 201–08.Google Scholar
Thompson, Stephen I. (1974) “Survival of Ethnicity in the Japanese Community of Lima, Peru,” Urban Anthropology, 3, 243–61.Google Scholar
Thompson, Stephen I. (1977a) “Separate but Superior: Japanese in Bolivia,” in Hicks, George L. and Leis, Philip E., eds., Ethnic Encounters: Identities and Contexts. North Scituate, MA: Duxbury Press, 89101.Google Scholar
Thompson, Stephen I. (1977b) “East Asians in Peru: Middleman Minorities?,” Transactions of the 1976 Annual Meeting, Southwest Conference on Asian Studies, II: 159–67.Google Scholar
Tigner, James L. (n.d.) The Okinawans in Latin America. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, CA.Google Scholar
Tinker, John M. (1973) “Intermarriage and Ethnic Boundaries: The Japanese American Case,” Journal of Social Issues, 29, 4966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titiev, Mischa (1951) “The Japanese Colony in Peru,” Far Eastern Quarterly, 10, 227–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titiev, Mischa (1970) Race and Ethnicity: Essays in Comparative Sociology. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
van den Berghe, Pierre L. (1970) Race and Ethnicity: Essays in Comparative Sociology. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Varley, H. Paul (1973) Japanese Culture: A Short History. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Wong, Bernard (1978) “A Comparative Study of the Assimilation of the Chinese in New York City and Lima, Peru,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 20, 335–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, Charles H., and Reid, Helen R. Y. (1938) The Japanese Canadians. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Nikkeijin, Zen PeruJitai, ShakaiKaienkai, Kensa (1969) Peru Kuni Ni Okeru Nikkeijin Shakai. Lima: Peru Shinpo.Google Scholar