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Using network analysis to explore cognitive domains in patients with unipolar versus bipolar depression: a prospective naturalistic study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2019

Cesare Galimberti Open the ORCID record for Cesare Galimberti [Opens in a new window] ,
Monica Francesca Bosi ,
Valentina Caricasole ,
Riccardo Zanello ,
Bernardo Dell’Osso Open the ORCID record for Bernardo Dell’Osso [Opens in a new window]  and
Caterina Adele Viganò Open the ORCID record for Caterina Adele Viganò [Opens in a new window]
Cesare Galimberti
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, Milan, Italy
Monica Francesca Bosi
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco,” Psychiatry Unit, University of Milan, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
Valentina Caricasole
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco,” Psychiatry Unit, University of Milan, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
Riccardo Zanello
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco,” Psychiatry Unit, University of Milan, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
Bernardo Dell’Osso
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco,” Psychiatry Unit, University of Milan, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford University, CA, USA CRC “Aldo Ravelli” for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Caterina Adele Viganò*
Affiliation:
Department of Mental Health, ASST Rhodense, Garbagnate Milanese, Milan, Italy
*
* Address correspondence to: Caterina Viganò, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco,” University of Milan, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy. (Email: caterina.vigano@unimi.it)
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Abstract

Objective.

Despite growing evidence in the field of cognitive function in mood disorders, the neurocognitive profiles of patients with unipolar and bipolar depression still need further characterization. In this study, we applied network analysis, hypothesizing this approach could highlight differences between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) from a cognitive perspective.

Methods.

The cognitive performance of 109 patients (72 unipolar and 37 bipolar depressed outpatients) was assessed through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and a series of clinical variables were collected. Differences in cognitive performance between MDD and BD patients were tested using non-parametric tests. Moreover, a network graph representing MoCA domains as nodes and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients between the domains as edges was constructed for each group.

Results.

The presence of mild cognitive impairment was observed in both MDD and BD patients during depression. No statistical significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of overall cognitive performance and across single domains. Nonetheless, network analytic metrics demonstrated different roles of memory and executive dysfunction in MDD versus BD patients: in particular, MDD network was more densely interconnected than BD network, and memory was the node with the highest betweenness and closeness centrality in MDD, while executive function was more central in BD.

Conclusions.

From a network analytic perspective, memory impairment displays a central role in the cognitive impairment of patients with unipolar depression, whereas executive dysfunction appears to be more central in bipolar depression. Further research is warranted to confirm our results.

Keywords

Acute depressionbipolar disordercognitive impairmentmajor depressive disordernetwork analysisremission
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , June 2020 , pp. 380 - 391
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019

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