Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-jwnkl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T23:19:54.465Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Recognizing & Treating Comorbid ADHD in Adults with Depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Michael J. Manos
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The National Comorbidity Survey Replication by Kessler and colleagues found that of adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 9.4% met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition-Revised criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Among those with dysthymia, 22.6% also met criteria for ADHD. In addition, it is estimated that approximately a third of the United States population experiences MDD symptoms at any point in time. Kessler and colleagues also conducted a retrospective study on impairment of adults with ADHD and found that ADHD has a prevalence of ∼4.4% in the US adult population, which suggests that ∼9 million US adults may have ADHD.

Type
Expert Panel Supplement
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 14 , Issue S9: The Case for Emerging Therapies in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder , November 2009 , pp. 11 - 14
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Kessler, RC, Berglund, P, Demler, O, Jin, R, Merikangas, KR, Walters, EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd ed rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1987.Google Scholar
3.Kessler, RC, Adler, L, Barkley, R et al. , The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(4):716–723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed, text rev. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.Google Scholar
5.Imel, ZE, Malterer, MB, McKay, KM, Wampold, BE. A meta-analysis of psychotherapy and medication in unipolar depression and dysthymia. J Affect Disord. 2008;110(3):197–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (revision). American Psychiatric Association. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(4 suppl):1–45.Google Scholar
7.Leung, AK, Lemay, JF. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an update. Adv Ther. 2003;20(6):305–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Adler, L, Cohen, J. Diagnosis and evaluation of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2004;27(2):187–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Dulcan, M. Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(10 suppl):85S–121S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Kessler, RC, Adler, L, Ames, M et al. , The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychol Med. 2005;35(2):245–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Millstein, RB, Wilens, TE, Biederman, J et al. , Presenting ADHD symptoms and subtypes in clinically referred adults. J Atten Disord. 1997;2:159–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Biederman, J, Faraone, SV, Spencer, TJ, Mick, E, Monuteaux, MC, Aleardi, M. Functional impairments in adults with self-reports of diagnosed ADHD: A controlled study of 1001 adults in the community. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(4):524–540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Conners, CK. Rating Scales in ADHD: Use in assessment and treatment monitoring. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59(suppl 7):24–30.Google ScholarPubMed
14.Barkley, RA, Murphy, K. ADHD: A Clinical Workbook. New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 1998.Google Scholar
15.Ward, MF, Wender, PH, Reimherr, FW. The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150(6):885–890.Google ScholarPubMed
16.Brown, TE. Brown ADD scale diagnostic form. In: Brown ADHD Scales. San Antonio, Texas: The Psychological Corporation; 1996.Google Scholar
17.Weiss, M, Murray, C, Weiss, G. Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current concepts. J Psychiatr Pract. 2002;8(2):99–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Greenhill, LL, Pliszka, S, Dulcan, MK, et al, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Practice parameter for the use of stimulant medications in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41(2 suppl):26S–49S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Faraone, SV, Biederman, J, Roe, C. Comparative efficacy of Adderall and methylphenidate in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(5):468–473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Weisler, RH, Biederman, J, Spencer, TJ et al. , Mixed amphetamine salts extended-release in the treatment of adult ADHD: a randomized, controlled trial. CNS Spectr. 2006;11(8):625–639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Spencer, TJ, Adler, LA, McGough, JJ, Muniz, R, Jiang, H, Pestreich, L, and the Adult ADHD Research Group. Efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2007;61(12):1380–1387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Orr, K. Taylor D. Psychostimulants in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence. CNS Drugs. 2007;21(3):239–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Waxmonsky, JG. Nonstimulant therapies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. Essent Psychopharmacol. 2005;6(5):262–276.Google ScholarPubMed
24.Abikoff, H, McGough, J, Vitiello, B, et al, and the RUPP ADHD/Anxiety Study Group. Sequential pharmaco-therapy for children with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44(5):418–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Safren, SA. Cognitive-behavioral approaches to ADHD treatment in adulthood. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67 (suppl 8):46–50.Google ScholarPubMed
26.Oei, TP, Dingle, G. The effectiveness of group cognitive behaviour therapy for unipolar depressive disorders. J Affect Disord. 2008;107(1–3):5–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Lynch, D, Laws, KR, McKenna, PJ. Cognitive behavioural therapy for major psychiatric disorder: does it really work? A meta-analytical review of well-controlled trials. Psychol Med. In press.Google Scholar
28.Segal, ZV, Bizzini, L, Bondolfi, G. Cognitive behaviour therapy reduces long term risk of relapse in recurrent major depressive disorder. Evid Based Ment Health. 2005;8(2):38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed