Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-jwnkl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T21:38:15.847Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sorptive Characteristics of Tetraalkylammonium-Exchanged Smectite Clays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Yuan Chun ,
Guangyao Sheng  and
Stephen A. Boyd
Yuan Chun*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Guangyao Sheng*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Stephen A. Boyd
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
*
†Visiting scientist, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
*E-mail address of corresponding author: gsheng@uark.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The size of quaternary NH4+ cations defines their packing configurations in the interlayers and the basal spacings of organoclays, and hence strongly influences the sorptive properties of organoclays. A series of organoclays (TAA-SACs) was prepared from a smectite (SAC) fully exchanged with symmetrical tetraalkylammonium (TAA) cations of progressively increasing sizes with the carbon number of single alkyl group from 1 to 6. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the packing configurations of monolayer, monolayer-to-bilayer transition, bilayer, and bilayer-to-trilayer transition in the interlayers of SAC. Calculations of the interionic distances between TAA ions support such packing configurations. Sorption of benzene by TAA-SACs displayed a high-low-high uptake trend and progressively weaker sorptive interactions as the size of TAA ions increased. Both the siloxane surfaces and TAA ions contributed to the overall sorption, with their relative contributions dependent on the TAA interionic distances and the basal spacings of TAA-SACs. High benzene sorption by small TAA-SAC (tetramethylammonium(TMA)-SAC) was attributed to the strong interactions between the siloxane surfaces and benzene molecules. With large TAAs, high sorption was due to the effective solute partitioning. Compared to benzene sorption, TCE sorption by small TAA-SACs (TMA-SAC and tetraethylammonium(TEA)-SAC) was less effective and displayed an abnormal trend, due largely to the lack of the siloxane surface-TCE interactions and to the stronger hydration of TMA as compared to TEA ions. The results provide strong evidence to support the use of either small or large quaternary NH4+ cations in preparation of organoclays as effective sorbents for removing organic contaminants from water.

Keywords

NOCOrganoclaySmectiteSorptionTetraalkylammonium
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , August 2003 , pp. 415 - 420
Copyright
Copyright © 2003, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barrer, R.M. and Macleod, D.M., (1955) Activation of montmorillonite by ion exchange and sorption complexes of tetraalkyl ammonium montmorillonites Transactions of the Faraday Society 51 1290–1300 10.1039/tf9555101290.Google Scholar
Barrer, R.M. and Perry, G.S. (1961) Sorption of mixtures and selectivity in alkylammonium montmorillonite. II. Tetramethylammonium montmorillonite. Journal of Chemical Society, 850–858.Google Scholar
Beall, G.W. (1985) Process for treating organics contaminated water. US patent 4,517,094.Google Scholar
Bors, J. Gorny, A. and Dultz, S., (1997) Iodide, cesium and strontium adsorption by organophilic vermiculite Clay Minerals 32 21–28 10.1180/claymin.1997.032.1.04.Google Scholar
Boyd, R.H., (1969) Lattice energies and hydration thermodynamics of tetraalkylammonium halides Journal of Chemical Physics 51 1470–1474 10.1063/1.1672196.Google Scholar
Boyd, S.A. Mortland, M.M. and Chiou, C.T., (1988) Sorption characteristics of organic compounds on hexadecyltrimethylammonium-smectite Soil Science Society of America Journal 52 652–657 10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200030010x.Google Scholar
Gregg, S.J. and Sing, K.S.W., (1982) Adsorption, Surface Area, and Porosity New York Academic Press 303 pp.Google Scholar
Gullick, R.W. and Weber, W.J. Jr., (2001) Evaluation of shale and organoclays as sorbent additives for low-permeability soil containment barriers Environmental Science and Technology 35 1523–1530 10.1021/es0015601.Google Scholar
Haggerty, G.M. and Bowman, R.S., (1994) Sorption of chromate and other inorganic anions by organo-zeolite Environmental Science and Technology 28 452–458 10.1021/es00052a017.Google Scholar
Harper, M. and Purnell, C.J., (1990) Alkylammonium montmorillonites as adsorbents for organic vapors from air Environmental Science and Technology 24 55–61 10.1021/es00071a004.Google Scholar
Jaynes, W.F. and Boyd, S.A., (1990) Trimethylphenyl-ammonium-smectite as an effective adsorbent of water soluble aromatic hydrocarbons Journal of Air and Water Management Association 40 1649 1653.Google Scholar
Jaynes, W.F. and Boyd, S.A., (1991) Hydrophobicity of siloxane surfaces in smectites as revealed by aromatic hydrocarbon adsorption from water Clays and Clay Minerals 46 10 17.Google Scholar
Jaynes, W.F. and Vance, G.F., (1996) BTEX sorption by organo-clays: cosorptive enhancement and equivalence of interlayer complexes Soil Science Society of America Journal 60 1742–1749 10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000060019x.Google Scholar
Lagaly, G., (1982) Layer charge heterogeneity in vermiculites Clays and Clay Minerals 30 215–222 10.1346/CCMN.1982.0300308.Google Scholar
Lagaly, G. and Weiss, A., (1969) Determination of the layer charge in mica-type layer silicates 1 61 80.Google Scholar
Lee, J.-F. Mortland, M.M. Chiou, C.T. and Boyd, S.A., (1989) Shape selective adsorption of aromatic molecules from water by tetramethylammonium smectite Journal of Chemical Society Faraday Transactions 1 85 2953–2962 10.1039/f19898502953.Google Scholar
Lee, J.-F. Mortland, M.M. Chiou, C.T. Kile, D.E. and Boyd, S.A., (1990) Adsorption of benzene, toluene, and xylene by two tetramethylammonium-smectites having different charge densities Clays and Clay Minerals 38 113–120 10.1346/CCMN.1990.0380201.Google Scholar
Li, J. Smith, J.A. and Winquist, A.S., (1996) Permeability of earthen liners containing organobentonite to water and two organic liquids Environmental Science and Technology 30 3089–3093 10.1021/es960172p.Google Scholar
Li, Z. Alessi, D. Zhang, P. and Bowman, R.S., (2002) Organo-illite as a low permeability sorbent to retard migration of anionic contaminants Journal of Environmental Engineering 128 583–587 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2002)128:7(583).Google Scholar
Mercier, L. and Detellier, C., (1994) Intercalation of tetraalkylammonium cations into smectites and its application to internal surface area measurements Clays and Clay Minerals 42 71–76 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420109.Google Scholar
Sheng, G. and Boyd, S.A., (1998) Relation of water and neutral organic compounds in the interlayers of mixed Ca/trimethylphenylammonium-smectites Clays and Clay Minerals 46 10–17 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460102.Google Scholar
Sheng, G. Xu, S. and Boyd, S.A., (1996) Cosorption of organic contaminants from water by hexadecyltrimethylammonium-exchanged clays Water Research 30 1483–1489 10.1016/0043-1354(95)00303-7.Google Scholar
Smith, J.A. and Jaffe, P.R., (1994) Benzene transport through landfill liners containing organophilic bentonite Journal of Environmental Engineering 120 1559–1577 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:6(1559).Google Scholar
Solomon, D.H. and Hawthorne, D.G., (1983) Chemistry of Pigments and Fillers New York John Wiley & Sons 309 pp.Google Scholar
Stapleton, M.G. Sparks, D.L. and Dentel, S.K., (1994) Sorption of pentachlorophenol to HDTMA-clay as a function of ionic strength and pH Environmental Science and Technology 28 2330–2335 10.1021/es00062a017.Google Scholar