Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-18T12:01:17.106Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Simultaneous Intercalation of Two Quaternary Phosphonium Salts Into Montmorillonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Saheli Ganguly ,
Kausik Dana ,
Tapas Kumar Mukhopadhyay  and
Sankar Ghatak
Saheli Ganguly
Affiliation:
Advanced Clay and Traditional Ceramics Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), CSIR, Kolkata-700032, India
Kausik Dana
Affiliation:
Advanced Clay and Traditional Ceramics Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), CSIR, Kolkata-700032, India
Tapas Kumar Mukhopadhyay
Affiliation:
Advanced Clay and Traditional Ceramics Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), CSIR, Kolkata-700032, India
Sankar Ghatak*
Affiliation:
Advanced Clay and Traditional Ceramics Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute (CGCRI), CSIR, Kolkata-700032, India
*
* E-mail address of corresponding author: sghatak@cgcri.res.in
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Intercalation of montmorillonites with a mixture of intercalates has not been studied extensively. The objective of the present investigation was to study the effects of phosphonium-based intercalate mixtures on the properties (organic loading and basal spacing) of montmorillonite. These phosphonium-intercalated montmorillonites are promising candidates as high-temperature stable nanofillers for application in clay polymer nanocomposites.

Two salts with different cationic heads and chain lengths were mixed in varying molar ratios and the mixtures were intercalated into the interlayer space of montmorillonite. Two sets were chosen based on the chain length and the cationic head-group structure of the two intercalated salts (referred to hereafter as set 1 and set 2). The resultant intercalated montmorillonite was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The organic loading of the intercalated montmorillonite increased with the proportion of longer carbon-chain intercalate in the mixture. The intensity of the characteristic XRD peak of each intercalate varied with the mole fraction percent of that intercalate in the solution mixture. No marked synergistic effect of the intercalate mixture on the basal spacing and organic loading properties of the intercalated montmorillonite was observed — the proportional influence of individual components was found to be more prominent.

Keywords

Basal SpacingIntercalationMixed IntercalatesMontmorilloniteOrganic LoadingPhosphonium Salts
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 59 , Issue 1 , February 2011 , pp. 13 - 20
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexandre, M. and Dubois, P., 2000 Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials Materials Science and Engineering Report 28 1–63 10.1016/S0927-796X(00)00012-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avalos, F. Ortiz, J.C. Zitzumbo, R. Manchado, M.A.L. Verdejo, R. and Arroyo, M., 2009 Phosphonium salt intercalated montmorillonites Applied Clay Science 43 27–32 10.1016/j.clay.2008.07.008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bache, B.W., 1976 The measurement of cation exchange capacity of soils Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 27 273–280 10.1002/jsfa.2740270313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergaya, F. Lagaly, G. and Vayer, M., 2006 Cation and anion exchange Handbook of Clay Science 1 979–1001 10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01036-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergaya, F., Theng, B.K.G., and Lagaly, G. (2006) Handbook of Clay Science. Developments in Clay Science, vol. 1, Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Carrado, K.A. and Sandi, G., 2007 Metal nanoclusters on polymer-clay nanocomposite films Polymer-Clay Nanocomposite Research 15 298.Google Scholar
Chen, D. Zhu, J.X. Yuan, P. Yang, S.J. Chen, T.-H. and He, H.P., 2008 Preparation and characterization of anion-cation surfactants modified montmorillonite Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 94 841–848 10.1007/s10973-007-8905-y.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmerich, K. Wolters, F. Kahr, G. and Lagaly, G., 2009 Clay profiling: The classification of montmorillonites Clays and Clay Minerals 57 104–114 10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Espina, A. Jaimez, E. Khainakov, S.A. Trobajo, C. Garcia, J.R. and Rodriguage, J., 1998 Synthesis of n-alkylamines intercalation compounds with a-titanium phosphate Process selectivity and structural and morphological characterization. Chemistry of Materials 10 2490–2496.Google Scholar
Fajnor, V.S. and Hlavaty, V., 2002 Thermal stability of clay/organic intercalation complexes Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 67 113–118 10.1023/A:1013789931016.Google Scholar
Ganguly, S. Dana, K. and Ghatak, S., 2010 Thermogravimetric study of n-alkylammonium-intercalated montmorillonites of different cation exchange capacity Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 100 71–78 10.1007/s10973-009-0588-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R.E., 1968 Clay Mineralogy 2nd edition Columbus, Ohio, USA McGraw- Hill.Google Scholar
Guegan, R. Gautier, M. Beny, J.M. and Muller, F., 2009 Adsorption of a C10E3 non-ionic surfactant on a Casmectite Clays and Clay Minerals 57 502–509 10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillier, S. and Clayton, T., 1992 Cation exchange ‘staining’ of clay minerals in thin-section for electron microscopy Clay Minerals 27 379–384 10.1180/claymin.1992.027.3.11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hrachova, J. Komadel, P. and Chodak, I., 2009 Natural rubber nanocomposites with organo-modified bentonites Clays and Clay Minerals 57 444–451 10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y. and Ishida, H., 2002 A differential scanning calorimetry study of the assembly of hexadecylamine molecules in the nanoscale confined space of silicate galleries Chemistry of Materials 14 1398–1404 10.1021/cm0103747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Z. and Jhang, W.T., 2009 Interlayer conformations of intercalated dodecyltrimethylammonium in rectorite as deter mined by FTIR, XRD, and TG analysis Clays and Clay Minerals 57 194–204 10.1346/CCMN.2009.0570206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, X. Lu, X. Wang, R. Zhou, H. and Xu, S., 2007 Interlayer structure and dynamics of alkyl-ammoniumintercalated smectites with and without water: a molecular dynamics study Clays and Clay Minerals 55 554–564 10.1346/CCMN.2007.0550602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maguy, J. and Lambert, J.F., 2010 A new nanocomposite: LDOPA/Laponite Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 1 85–88 10.1021/jz900020m.Google Scholar
Marcovich, D.Y. Chen, Y. Nir, S. and Prost, R., 2005 High resolution electron microscopy structural studies of organoclay nanocomposites Environmental Science and Technology 39 1231–1238 10.1021/es049020h.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehlich, A., 1948 Determination of cation- and anionexchange properties of soils Soil Science 66 429–445 10.1097/00010694-194812000-00004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogawa, M., 1994 Formation of novel oriented transparent films of layered silica-surfactant nanocomposites Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 7941–7942 10.1021/ja00096a079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onal, M. and Sarikaya, Y., 2008 Thermal analysis of some organo clays Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 91 261–265 10.1007/s10973-007-8319-x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, H.A. Somani, R.S. Bajaj, H.C. and Jasra, R.V., 2006 Nanoclays forpo lymernano composites, paints, inks, greases and cosmetics formulations, drug delivery vehicle and waste watertr eatment Bulletin of Materials Science 29 2, 133–145 10.1007/BF02704606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz-Hitzky, E. Aranda, P. Serratosa, J.M., Auerbach, S. Carrado, K.A. Dutta, P., 2004 Clay-organic interactions: organoclay complexes and polymer-clay nanocomposites Handbook of Layered Materials New York Marcel Dekker 91–154.Google Scholar
Sinha Ray, S. and Okamoto, M., 2003 Polymer/layered nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing Progress in Polymer Science 28 1539–1641 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2003.08.002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Theng, B.K.G., 1974 The Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions New York Wiley Interscience.Google Scholar
Xi, Y. Zhou, Q. Frost, R. and He, H., 2007 Ther mal stability of octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified montmorillonite organo clay Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 311 347–353 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.03.002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, W. Gao, Z. Pan, W.P. Hunter, D. Singh, A. and Vaia, R., 2001 Thermal degradation chemistry of alkyl quaternary ammonium montmorillonite Chemistry of Materials 13 2979–2990 10.1021/cm010305s.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xie, W. Xie, R. Pan, W.P. Hunter, D. Koene, B. Tan, L.S. and Vaia, R., 2002 Thermal stability of quaternary phosphonium modified montmorillonites Chemistry of Materials 14 4837–4845 10.1021/cm020705v.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, J. Morgan, A.B. Lamelas, F.J. and Wilkie, C.A., 2001 Fire properties of polystyrene-clay nanocomposites Chemistry of Materials 13 3774–80 10.1021/cm000984r.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zidelkheir, B. and Abdelgoad, M., 2008 Effect of surfactant agent upon the structure of montmorillonite X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 94 181–187 10.1007/s10973-008-9053-8.Google Scholar