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A Natural 17Å Montmorillonite-Organic Complex from Alleppey, Kerala State-India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Johan Moum ,
Chatty N. Rao  and
T. S. R. Ayyar
Johan Moum*
Affiliation:
Forskningsveien 1, Oslo 3 - Tlf. 695880, Norway
Chatty N. Rao*
Affiliation:
Forskningsveien 1, Oslo 3 - Tlf. 695880, Norway
T. S. R. Ayyar*
Affiliation:
Forskningsveien 1, Oslo 3 - Tlf. 695880, Norway
*
*Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Forskningsveien 1, Oslo 3, Norway.
†Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
‡College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala State, India, on study leave at NGI, Oslo 3, Norway.
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Abstract

A black organic-rich alluvial clay from Alleppey, Kerala State, India, gave a well defined 17Å reflection in the natural untreated state. Ethylene glycol and heat treatments showed it to be essentially a smectite. Treatments with H2O2 and 0·1 N NaOH contracted the spacing to about 14Å, indicating that sorbed organic matter was responsible for the original enhanced spacing.

In the natural state, the clay was chiefly divalent with respect to the ions on its exchange sites and was at a pH of 6·2. Subsequent attempts to resorb the organic matter (which had been extracted from the clay by repeated NaOH treatments, converted to the H-form, concentrated and freeze-dried) into the interlamellar space of H2O2-treated clay proved successful only after the pH was brought down to 3•2 and the clay converted to an essentially monovalent state through repeated 1 N NaCl treatments.

Résumé

Résumé

Une argile alluviale noire riche en matière organique, provenant de Alleppey, Etat de Kerala, Indes, a donné une réflexion bien définie à 17 Å, à l’état naturel non traité. Le glycol éthylénique et les traitements thermiques ont montré qu’il s’agissait essentiellement d’une smectite. Les traitements à H2O2 et Na OH 0,1 N ont ramené l’espacement à 14 Å environ, ce qui indique que la matière organique fixée était responsable de l’espacement originel élevé pour un tel minéral.

A l’état naturel, l’argile était à pH 6,2 et ses sites d’échange étaient principalement saturés par des ions divalents. Les tentatives ultérieures destinées à fixer à nouveau la matière organique (qui avait été extraite de l’argile par des traitements répétés avec Na OH, puis convertie sous forme H, puis concentrée et lyophilisée) dans l’espace interfeuillet de l’argile traitée par H2O2, n’ont réussi qu’avec une argile amenée à pH 3,2 et convertie en une forme saturée essentiellement par des ions monovalents au moyen de traitements répétés par Cl Na 1 N.

Kurzreferat

Kurzreferat

Eine schwarzer, an organischer Substanz reicher, alluvialer Ton aus Alleppey, Staat Kerala, Indien, ergab im natürlichen, unbehandelten Zustand einen gut definierten 17 Å-Reflex. Äthylenglykol- und Wärmebehandlung zeigten, daß es sich im wesentlichen um einen Smectit handelt. Behandlungen mit H2O2 und 0,1 n NaOH verringern den Abstand auf 14 Å. Dies zeigt, daß sorbierte organische Substanz für den ursprünglich erhöhten Basisebenenabstand verantwortlich war.

Im natürlichen Zustand waren die Austauschplätze vorwiegend mit zweiwertigen Ionen abgesättigt. Der pH-Wert betrug 6,2. Anschließende Versuche, die organische Substanz (die vom Ton durch wiederholte Behandlung mit NaOH extrahiert, in die H-Form überführt, konzentriert und der Gefriertrocknung unterworfen worden war) wieder in die Zwischenschichten des H2O2-behandelten Tones einzulagern, erwiesen sich nur dann als erfolgreich, wenn zuvor der pH-Wert auf 3,2 herabgesetzt und der Ton durch wiederholte Behandlung mit 1 n NaCl im wesentlichen mit einwertigen Ionen belegt worden war.

Резюме

Резюме

В природном необработанном состоянии черная богатая органическими веществами наносная глина из Аллеппи, Штат Кэрала в Индии, дала отчетливое отражение 17 Å. Обработка этиленгликолем и термообработка показали, что эта глина по существу является смектитом. Обработка Н2O2 и 0,1 N NaOH сузило межслоевые промежутки до приблизительно 14 Å, что указывает на то, что первоначальные большие межслоевые промежутки были вызваны сорбированным органическим веществом. В природном состоянии глина является, главным образом, двухвалентной относительно ионного обмена и ее рН — 6,2. Дальнейшие попытки сорбировать органическое вещество (экстрагированное из глины обработкой NaOH и превращенное в форму-Н; концентрированную глину высушивали при температуре ниже 0°С) в межслоевой промежуток глины обработанной Н2O2 увенчалось успехом только после понижения рН до 3,2 и превращения глины в одновалентное состояние посредством повторных обработок с NaCl.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , April 1973 , pp. 89 - 95
Copyright
Copyright © 1973 The Clay Minerals Society

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Footnotes

§

Sample stored in the laboratory for two months before investigation.

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