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Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Genesis of Mudstones in the Upper Miocene Mustafapaşa Member of the Ürgüp Formation in the Cappadocia Region, Central Anatolia, Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Tacit Külah ,
Selahattin Kadir ,
Ali Gürel ,
Muhsin Eren  and
Nergis Önalgil
Tacit Külah
Affiliation:
Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, TR-26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
Selahattin Kadir*
Affiliation:
Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, TR-26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
Ali Gürel
Affiliation:
Niğde University, Department of Geological Engineering, TR-51200, Niğde, Turkey
Muhsin Eren
Affiliation:
Mersin University, Department of Geological Engineering, TR-33343, Mersin, Turkey
Nergis Önalgil
Affiliation:
Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Department of Geological Engineering, TR-26480, Eskişehir, Turkey
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: skadir_esogu@yahoo.com
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Abstract

The Upper Miocene Mustafapas-a member of the Ürgüp Formation in the Cappadocia region consists predominantly of mudstones, sandstone, and conglomerate lenses with ignimbrite and basalt intercalations. The mudstones are an important source of raw materials for the ceramics industry in Turkey. A detailed mineralogical, geochemical, and genesis study of these materials has not been performed previously and the present study aims to fill that gap. The characteristics of mudstones of the Mustafapas-a member were examined using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and chemical analyses. Weathering products of ophiolitic and pyroclastic rocks were transported into the tectonically subsided zone where they accumulated as fluvial and lacustrine deposits.Weathering in the mudstones is evidenced by smectite flakes associated with relict pyroxene, rod-like amphibole, feldspar, and volcanic glass. The chemical composition of mudstones and their distribution suggest that the depositional basin was supplied with ophiolitic material in the south and ignimbrite material in the north. This interpretation is based on an increase in the quantity of feldspar and opal-A and a decrease in the Fe2O3+MgO/Al2O3+SiO2 ratio from south to north in the study area. The northward increases in Light Rare Earth Elements/Heavy Rare Earth Elements, La/Yb, Zr/Ni and Zr/Co ratios and Nb, Ba, Rb, Sr, and Eu in the mudstones of the Mustafapas-a member with positive Eu anomalies suggest that the Fe, Mg, Al, and Si required to form smectite were supplied mainly through the decomposition of amphiboles, pyroxenes, feldspars, and volcanic glass during weathering processes. After the deposition of mudstones, relative increases in evaporation-controlled Ca, K, and Al in pore water favored the partial dissolution of Ca-bearing minerals and smectite flakes and in situ precipitation of calcite and traces of illite fibers under alkaline micro-environmental conditions during early diagenesis.

Keywords

CappadociaIgnimbriteMudstoneOphioliteSmectiteTurkeyWeathering
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 62 , Issue 4 , August 2014 , pp. 267 - 285
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2014

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