Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-27T18:00:19.294Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Health Protection Using Clay Minerals: A Case Study Based on the Removal of BPA and BPS from Water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Giora Rytwo Open the ORCID record for Giora Rytwo [Opens in a new window] ,
Shem Levy ,
Yuval Shahar ,
Ido Lotan ,
Arye Lev Zelkind ,
Tomer Klein  and
Chen Barak
Giora Rytwo*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences and Department of Water Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel 1220800 Environmental Physical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel 1101602
Shem Levy
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences and Department of Water Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel 1220800
Yuval Shahar
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences and Department of Water Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel 1220800
Ido Lotan
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences and Department of Water Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel 1220800
Arye Lev Zelkind
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences and Department of Water Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel 1220800
Tomer Klein
Affiliation:
Environmental Physical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel 1101602
Chen Barak
Affiliation:
Environmental Physical Chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel 1101602
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: giorarytwo@gmail.com; rytwo@telhai.ac.il
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Anthropogenic activity releases hazardous contaminants and pollutants that are not removed fully by water treatments. Among such pollutants, bisphenol-A (BPA) and bisphenol-S (BPS) are included in a series of Endocrine Disruptive Compounds, which may cause disruption due to hormone blockage or mimicking. Thus, even though those pollutants are not considered lethal, they are hazardous to health due to their similarity to 17β-estradiol, and they have been shown to cause developmental malformation in Zebrafish and breast and prostate tumors in rodents. Both BPA and BPS have been found in water sources at concentrations >30 μg L–1 and since water treatment plants are ineffective at removing them, their concentration is constantly increasing. The purpose of the present study, using a collection of experiments performed by B.Sc. and M.Sc. students, was to apply clay-based materials to the removal of such health hazards from water. Specifically adapted modified clays as neutral organoclays can optimize the interaction between pollutants and the matrix to achieve efficient adsorption. Such an approach is very effective for relatively insoluble pollutants such as BPA, but less so for the more soluble BPS. On the other hand, BPS can be photodegraded catalytically using raw clay or TiO2-impregnated clay. At low catalyst concentration, the modified clay was as effective as a commercial TiO2 catalyst, whereas combining it with H2O2 yielded considerably better results. In summary, clay minerals offer solutions for the removal of health-hazardous pollutants from water, based on different procedures and mechanisms. The versality of clay minerals allows 'tailoring' specifically adapted materials that might improve their efficiency based on such very specific pollutant-matrix interactions.

Keywords

AdsorptionBisphenol-ABisphenol-SClays and healthEDCOrgano-claysPhotocatalysisTiO2-impregnated clay
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 69 , Issue 5: Clay Minerals in Health Applications , October 2021 , pp. 641 - 653
Copyright
Copyright © The Clay Minerals Society 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This paper belongs to a special issue on ‘Clay Minerals in Health Applications.’

References

Abo, R., Kummer, N.-A., & Merkel, B. J. (2016). Optimized photodegradation of Bisphenol A in water using ZnO, TiO2 and SnO2 photocatalysts under UV radiation as a decontamination procedure. Drinking Water Engineering and Science, 9(2), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-9-27-2016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkins, P., & de Paula, J. (2006). Physical Chemistry (Vol. 8th). W.H.Freemand and Co.Google Scholar
Beall, G. W. (2003). The use of organo-clays in water treatment. Applied Clay Science, 24(1–2), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2003.07.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bel Hadjltaief, H., Galvez, M. E., Ben Zina, M., & Da Costa, P. (2019). TiO2/clay as a heterogeneous catalyst in photocatalytic/photochemical oxidation of anionic reactive blue 19. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12(7), 1454–1462. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARABJC.2014.11.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben Moshe, S., & Rytwo, G. (2018). Thiamine-based organoclay for phenol removal from water. Applied Clay Science, 155, 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.01.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhatnagar, A., & Anastopoulos, I. (2017). Adsorptive removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solution: A review. Chemosphere, 168, 885–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2016.10.121CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolong, N., Ismail, A. F., Salim, M. R., Rana, D., Matsuura, T., & Tabe-Mohammadi, A. (2010). Negatively charged polyethersulfone hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane for the removal of bisphenol A from wastewater. Separation and Purification Technology, 73(2), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2010.01.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, D., Du, G., Zhu, Q., & Zhou, F. (2013). Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 pillared montmorillonites: Application for methylene blue degradation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 409, 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.07.049CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, P.-J., Linden, K. G., Hinton, D. E., Kashiwada, S., Rosenfeldt, E. J., & Kullman, S. W. (2006). Biological assessment of bisphenol A degradation in water following direct photolysis and UV advanced oxidation. Chemosphere, 65(7), 1094–1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2006.04.048CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chong, M. N., Jin, B., Chow, C. W. K., & Saint, C. (2010). Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: A review. Water Research, 44(10), 2997–3027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.039CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Churchman, G. J., Gates, W. P., Theng, B. K. G., & Yuan, G. (2006). Chapter 11.1: Clays and clay minerals for pollution control. In: F. Bergaya, B. K. G. Theng, G. Lagaly (Ed.), Developments in Clay Science: Volume 1 (Issue C, pp. 625–675). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-4352(05)01020-2Google Scholar
Cuerda-Correa, E. M., Alexandre-Franco, M. F., & Fernández-González, C. (2019). Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of antibiotics from water. An Overview. Water, 12(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danzl, E., Sei, K., Soda, S., Ike, M., & Fujita, M. (2009). Biodegradation of bisphenol A, bisphenol F and bisphenol S in seawater. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 6(4), 1472–1484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph6041472CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Di Credico, B., Bellobono, I. R., D'Arienzo, M., Fumagalli, D., Redaelli, M., Scotti, R., Morazzoni, F., Di Credico, B., Bellobono, I. R., Arienzo, M. D., Fumagalli, D., Redaelli, M., Scotti, R., & Morazzoni, F. (2015). Efficacy of the reactive oxygen species generated by immobilized TiO2 in the photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2015, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/919217CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. The Annals of Statistics, 7(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1176344552CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Shahawi, M. S., Hamza, A., Bashammakh, A. S., & Al-Saggaf, W. T. (2010). An overview on the accumulation, distribution, transformations, toxicity and analytical methods for the monitoring of persistent organic pollutants. Talanta, 80(5), 1587–1597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.09.055CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fang, Z., Gao, Y., Wu, X., Xu, X., Sarmah, A. K., Bolan, N., Gao, B., Shaheen, S. M., Rinklebe, J., Ok, Y. S., Xu, S., & Wang, H. (2020). A critical review on remediation of bisphenol S (BPS) contaminated water: Efficacy and mechanisms. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 50(5), 476–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1629802CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankowski, R., Zgoła-Grześkowiak, A., Smułek, W., & Grześkowiak, T. (2020). Removal of Bisphenol A and Its Potential Substitutes by Biodegradation. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 191(3), 1100–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-020-03247-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gonen, Y., & Ryt wo, G. (2006). Using the dual-mode model to describe adsorption of organic pollutants onto an organoclay. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 299(1), 95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.01.055CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goulart de Araujo, L., da Silva Santos, F., & Teixeira, A. C. S. C. (2017). Degradation of bisphenol A by the UV and UV/H2O2 processes: Evaluation of process variables through experimental design. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 95(12), 2278–2285. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.22997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goulart de Araujo, L., Oscar Conte, L., Violeta Schenone, A., Alfano, O. M., & Teixeira, A. C. S. C. (2020). Degradation of bisphenol A by the UV/H2O2 process: a kinetic study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(7), 7299–7308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07361-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grassi, M., Kaykioglu, G., Belgiorno, V., & Lofrano, G. (2012). Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water and Wastewater by Adsorption Process. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3916-1_2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grignard, E., Lapenna, S., & Bremer, S. (2012). Weak estrogenic transcriptional activities of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S. Toxicology In Vitro, 26(5), 727–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2012.03.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herney-Ramirez, J., Vicente, M. A., & Madeira, L. M. (2010). Heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation with pillared clay-based catalysts for wastewater treatment: A review. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 98(1–2), 10–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.05.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrmann, J.-M. (1999). Heterogeneous photocatalysis: fundamentals and applications to the removal of various types of aqueous pollutants. Catalysis Today, 53(1), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00107-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IUPAC. (2014). Compendium of Chemical Terminology: Gold Book. IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 1670. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbookCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iurascu, B., Siminiceanu, I., Vione, D., Vicente, M. A., & Gil, A. (2009). Phenol degradation in water through a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process catalyzed by Fe-treated laponite. Water Research, 43(5), 1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.032CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klein, T., & Rytwo, G. (2014). B.Sc. internal project. Environmental Sciences Dept., Tel Hai College.Google Scholar
Konkel, L. (2013). Thermal Reaction: The Spread of Bisphenol S via Paper Products. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(3). https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.121-a76CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le Fol, V., Aït-Aïssa, S., Sonavane, M., Porcher, J. M., Balaguer, P., Cravedi, J. P., Zalko, D., & Brion, F. (2017). In vitro and in vivo estrogenic activity of BPA, BPF and BPS in zebrafish-specific assays. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 142, 150–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lintelmann, J., Katayama, A., Kurihara, N., Shore, L., & Wenzel, A. (2003). Endocrine disruptors in the environment (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75(5), 631–681. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200375050631CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loos, R., Carvalho, R., António, D. C., Comero, S., Locoro, G., Tavazzi, S., Paracchini, B., Ghiani, M., Lettieri, T., Blaha, L., Jarosova, B., Voorspoels, S., Servaes, K., Haglund, P., Fick, J., Lindberg, R. H., Schwesig, D., & Gawlik, B. M. (2013). EU-wide monitoring survey on emerging polar organic contaminants in wastewater treatment plant effluents. Water Research, 47(17), 6475–6487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.024CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mehrabani-Zeinabad, M., Achari, G., & Langford, C. H. (2015). Advanced oxidative degradation of bisphenol A and bisphenol S. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 10(4), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.15.00015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mishra, D. K., Dolan, K. D., & Yang, L. (2011). Bootstrap confidence intervals for the kinetic parameters of degradation of anthocyanins in grape pomace. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 34(4), 1220–1233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00425.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohapatra, D. P., Brar, S. K., Tyagi, R. D., & Surampalli, R. Y. (2011). Occurrence of bisphenol A in wastewater and wastewater sludge of CUQ treatment plant. Journal of Xenobiotics, 1(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.4081/xeno.2011.e3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montes, F., Valavala, S., & Haselbach, L. (2005). A New Test Method for Porosity Measurements of Portland Cement Pervious Concrete. Journal of ASTM International, 2(1), 12931. https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI12931Google Scholar
Moreman, J., Lee, O., Trznadel, M., David, A., Kudoh, T., & Tyler, C. R. (2017). Acute Toxicity, Teratogenic, and Estrogenic Effects of Bisphenol A and Its Alternative Replacements Bisphenol S., Bisphenol F., and Bisphenol AF in Zebrafish Embryo-Larvae. Environmental Science and Technology, 51(21), 12796–12805. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03283CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nafees, M., & Waseem, A. (2014). Organoclays as Sorbent Material for Phenolic Compounds: A Review. CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 42(11), 1500–1508. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300312CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohtani, B., Prieto-Mahaney, O. O., Li, D., & Abe, R. (2010). What is Degussa (Evonik) P25? Crystalline composition analysis, reconstruction from isolated pure particles and photocatalytic activity test. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 216(2–3), 179–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.07.024CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onundi, Y., Drake, B. A., Malecky, R. T., DeNardo, M. A., Mills, M. R., Kundu, S., Ryabov, A. D., Beach, E. S., Horwitz, C. P., Simonich, M. T., Truong, L., Tanguay, R. L., Wright, L. J., Singhal, N., & Collins, T. J. (2017). A multidisciplinary investigation of the technical and environmental performances of TAML/peroxide elimination of Bisphenol A compounds from water. Green Chemistry, 19(18), 4234–4262. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7GC01415ECrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poyatos, J. M., Muñio, M. M., Almecija, M. C., Torres, J. C., Hontoria, E., & Osorio, F. (2010). Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: State of the Art. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 205(1–4), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0065-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radian, A., Carmeli, M., Zadaka-Amir, D., Nir, S., Wakshal, E., & Mishael, Y. G. (2011). Enhanced removal of humic acid from water by micelle-montmorillonite composites: Comparison to granulated activated carbon. Applied Clay Science, 54(3–4), 258–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.09.008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramirez, J. H., Costa, C. A., Madeira, L. M., Mata, G., Vicente, M. A., Rojas-Cervantes, M. L., López-Peinado, A. J., & Martín-Aranda, R. M. (2007). Fenton-like oxidation of Orange II solutions using heterogeneous catalysts based on saponite clay. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 71(1–2), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2006.08.012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rendel, P. M., & Rytwo, G. (2020a). The Effect of Electrolytes on the Photodegradation Kinetics of Caffeine. Catalysts 2020, 10(6), 644. https://doi.org/10.3390/CATAL10060644Google Scholar
Rendel, P., & Rytwo, G. (2020b). Degradation kinetics of caffeine in water by UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2. Desalination and Water Treatment, 173, 231–242. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.24693CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Research & Markets. (2018). Global Bisphenol A Market Report 2018: Analysis 2013-2017 & Forecasts 2018-2023. Research & Markets. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-bisphenol-a-market-report-2018-analysis-2013-2017%2D%2Dforecasts-2018-2023-300757673.html. Accessed 14 Jan 2022.Google Scholar
Rioja, N., Zorita, S., & Peñas, F. J. (2016). Effect of water matrix on photocatalytic degradation and general kinetic modeling. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 180, 330–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APCATB.2015.06.038CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rytwo, G. (2018). Securing the future: Clay-based solutions for a comprehensive and sustainable potable water supply system. Clays and Clay Minerals, 66(4), 209–222. https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2018.064114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rytwo, G., & Daskal, G. (2016). A system for treatment of polluted effluents. PCT/IL2015/050944, WO2016042558 A1 (Patent No. PCT/IL2015/050944, WO2016042558 A1). PCT/IL2015/050944, WO2016042558 A1.Google Scholar
Rytwo, G., & Zelkind, A. L. (2022). Evaluation of kinetic pseudoorder in the photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin. Catalysts, 12(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12010024CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rytwo, G., Kohavi, Y., Botnick, I., & Gonen, Y. (2007). Use of CV-and TPP-montmorillonite for the removal of priority pollutants from water. Applied Clay Science, 36(1–3), 182–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2006.04.016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rytwo, G., Klein, T., Margalit, S., Mor, O., Naftaly, A., & Daskal, G. (2015). A continuous-flow device for photocatalytic degradation and full mineralization of priority pollutants in water. Desalination and Water Treatment, 57(35), 16424–16434. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1077749CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salahinejad, A., Naderi, M., Attaran, A., Meuthen, D., Niyogi, S., & Chivers, D. P. (2020). Effects of chronic exposure to bisphenol-S on social behaviors in adult zebrafish: Disruption of the neuropeptide signaling pathways in the brain. Environmental Pollution, 262, 113992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113992CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samineni, K. (2017). Adsorption of Bisphenol S from Water Using Natural Sorbents. University of Dayton.Google Scholar
Schneider, J., Matsuoka, M., Takeuchi, M., Zhang, J., Horiuchi, Y., Anpo, M., & Bahnemann, D. W. (2014). Understanding TiO2 Photocatalysis: Mechanisms and Materials. Chemical Reviews, 114(19), 9919–9986. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5001892CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seachrist, D. D., Bonk, K. W., Ho, S.-M., Prins, G. S., Soto, A. M., & Keri, R. A. (2016). A review of the carcinogenic potential of bisphenol A. Reproductive Toxicology, 59, 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.REPROTOX.2015.09.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semiat, R. (2000). Present and Future. Water International, 25(1), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060008686797CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staples, C. A., Dorn, P. B., Klecka, G. M., O'Block, S. T., Branson, D. R., & Harris, L. R. (2000). Bisphenol A concentrations in receiving waters near US manufacturing and processing facilities. Chemosphere, 40(5), 521–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00288-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thayer, K. A., Taylor, K. W., Garantziotis, S., Schurman, S. H., Kissling, G. E., Hunt, D., Herbert, B., Church, R., Jankowich, R., Churchwell, M. I., Scheri, R. C., Birnbaum, L. S., & Bucher, J. R. (2016). Bisphenol A., Bisphenol S., and 4-Hydroxyphenyl 4-Isopro oxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP) in Urine and Blood of Cashiers. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(4), 437–444. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409427CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Theng, B. K. G. K. G., Churchman, G. J. J., Gates, W. P. P., & Yuan, G. (2008). Organically Modified Clays for Pollutant Uptake and Environmental Protection. in: Soil Mineral Microbe-Organic Interactions (pp. 145–174). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77686-4_6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unuabonah, E. I., & Taubert, A. (2014). Clay–polymer nanocomposites (CPNs): Adsorbents of the future for water treatment. Applied Clay Science, 99, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.06.016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenberg, L. N., Hauser, R., Marcus, M., Olea, N., & Welshons, W. V. (2007). Human exposuretobisphenol A (BPA). in: Reproductive Toxicology (Vol. 24, Issue 2, pp. 139–177). Reprod Toxicol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.07.010Google Scholar
Wirasnita, R., Mori, K., & Toyama, T. (2018). Effect of activated carbon on removal of four phenolic endocrine-disrupting compounds, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and 4-tert-butylphenol in constructed wetlands. Chemosphere, 210, 717–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.060CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yamazaki, E., Yamashita, N., Taniyasu, S., Lam, J., Lam, P. K. S., Moon, H. B., Jeong, Y., Kannan, P., Achyuthan, H., Munuswamy, N., & Kannan, K. (2015). Bisphenol A and other bisphenol analogues including BPS and BPFin surface water samples from Japan, China, Korea and India. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 122, 565–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.029CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Q., Gao, M., Luo, Z., & Yang, S. (2016). Enhanced removal of bisphenol A from aqueous solution by organo-montmorillonites modified with novel Gemini pyridinium surfactants containing long alkyl chain. Chemical Engineering Journal, 285, 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2015.09.114CrossRefGoogle Scholar