Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-sh8wx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T06:58:15.240Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Kaolinite and Sulfate on the Formation of Hydroxy-Aluminum Compounds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

M. Teresa Garcia-Gonzalez ,
Carmen Vizcayno  and
Javier Cortabitarte
M. Teresa Garcia-Gonzalez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, CSIC, Serrano 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Carmen Vizcayno
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, CSIC, Serrano 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Javier Cortabitarte
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales, CSIC, Serrano 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

OH-A1 solutions were prepared by adding appropriate amounts of NaOH to A1C13 to obtain OH/Al mole ratios of 2.0, 2.5, 2.7, 3.0, and 3.3 in the final suspension. Solid Na2SO4 and Georgia kaolinite (KGa-2) were added individually and jointly to the OH-Al solutions. All samples were aged for 30, 70, and 180 d. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry were used to characterize precipitates. Bayerite, gibbsite, and nordstrandite crystallized at mole ratios of 3.0 and 3.3, with bayerite being the most abundant. A morphology of clusters of triangular pyramids is described for bayerite. Despite the aging duration, only noncrystalline Al compounds were obtained in mole ratios of 2.0, 2.5, or 2.7. The addition of sulfate to OH-A1 solutions in mole ratios of 2.0 and 2.5 produced crystalline basic aluminum sulfates of variable morphology, but with similar chemical compositions. These phases lost crystallinity with aging. The product from a 2.7 OH-Al solution was X-ray amorphous hydroxysulfate. In contrast, products obtained at mole ratios of 3.0 and 3.3 contained no sulfate ion, which restricted the formation of gibbsite, bayerite, and nordstrandite. The addition of kaolinite to the solutions in OH/A1 mole ratios of 3.0 and 3.3 favored the formation of nordstrandite. The simultaneous addition of sulfate and kaolinite to the OH-A1 solutions in mole ratios of 2.0 and 2.5 produced prevalent sulfate over kaolinite, whereas the opposite occurred at mole ratios 3.0 and 3.3.

Keywords

BayeriteCMS Clay KGa-2GibbsiteHydroxysulfateNoncrystalline CompoundsNordstrandite
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 48 , Issue 1 , February 2000 , pp. 85 - 94
Copyright
Copyright © 2000, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arias, M. Barral, M.T. and Diaz-Fierros, F., 1995 Effects of iron and aluminium oxides on the colloidal and surface properties of kaolin. Clays and Clay Minerals 43 406–416 10.1346/CCMN.1995.0430403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnhisel, R.I. and Rich, C.I., 1965 Gibbsite, bayerite and nordstrandite formation as affected by anions, pH, and mineral surfaces. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 29 531–534 10.2136/sssaj1965.03615995002900050018x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bersillon, J.L. Hsu, P.H. and Fiessinger, F., 1980 Characterization of hydroxy-aluminum solutions. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44 630–634 10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400030040x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elderfield, H. and Hem, J.D., 1973 The development of crystalline structure in aluminium hydroxide polymorphs on ageing. Mineralogical Magazine 39 89–96 10.1180/minmag.1973.039.301.14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Swaify, S.A. and Emerson, W.W., 1975 Changes in the physical properties of soil clays due to precipitated aluminum and iron hydroxides. I. Swelling and aggregate stability after drying. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 39 1056–1063 10.2136/sssaj1975.03615995003900060016x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, P.H., 1966 Formation of gibbsite from aging hydroxy-aluminum solutions. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 30 173–177 10.2136/sssaj1966.03615995003000020011x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, P.H. and Nicolas, J., 1973 Effect of sulfate on the crystallization of Al(OH)3 from aging hydroxy-aluminum solutions Proceedings 3rd International Congress on Studies of Bauxite and Aluminum Oxides-Hydroxides France Imprimeries Reunies de Chambery, Chambery 613–620.Google Scholar
Hsu, P.H., 1988 Mechanisms of gibbsite crystallization from partially neutralized aluminum chloride solutions. Clays and Clay Minerals 36 25–30 10.1346/CCMN.1988.0360104.Google Scholar
Hsu, P.H., Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B., 1989 Aluminum hydroxides and oxyhydroxides Minerals in Soil Environments Wisconsin Soil Science Society of America, Madison 331–378.Google Scholar
Hsu, P.H. and Bates, T.E., 1964 Formation of X-ray amorphous and crystalline aluminium hydroxides. Mineralogical Magazine 33 749–768 10.1180/minmag.1964.033.264.04.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansson, G., 1960 On the crystal structures of some basic aluminum salts. Acta Chemica Scandinava 14 771–773 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.14-0771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansson, G., 1963 On the crystal structure of the basic aluminum sulfate. 13Al2O3-6SO3HX2O. Arkiv for Kemi 20 321–342.Google Scholar
Oades, J.M., 1984 Interactions of polycations of aluminum and iron with clays. Clays and Clay Minerals 32 49–57 10.1346/CCMN.1984.0320107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robert, M. Veneau, G. Abreu, M.M., Dixon, J.B. and Weed, S.B., 1987 Etudes mi-croscopiques d’associations aluminium-argiles ou fer-argi-les Soil Micromorphology, Proceedings 7th International Working Meeting on Soil Micromorphology Paris Association Française pour l’Etude du Sol 467–474.Google Scholar
Schoen, R. and Roberson, C.E., 1970 Structures of aluminum hydroxide and geochemical implications. American Mineralogist 55 43–77.Google Scholar
Serna, C.J. White, J.L. and Hem, S.L., 1977 Anion-alu-minum hydroxide gel interactions Soil Science Society of America Journal 41 1009–1013 10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100050041x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tait, J.M. Violante, A. and Violante, P., 1983 Co-crystallization of gibbsite and bayerite with nordstrandite. Clay Minerals 18 95–99 10.1180/claymin.1983.018.1.09.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsai, P.P. and Hsu, P.H., 1984 Studies of aged OH-Al solutions using kinetics of Al-ferron reactions and sulfate precipitation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 48 59–65 10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800010011x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsai, P.P. and Hsu, P.H., 1985 Aging of partially neutralized aluminum solutions of NaOH/Al molar ratio = 2.2. Soil Science Society of America Journal 49 1060–1065 10.2136/sssaj1985.03615995004900040053x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Olphen, H. and Fripiat, J.J., 1979 Data Handbook for Clay Materials and Other Non-Metallic Minerals. Oxford Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Violante, A. and Huang, P.M., 1993 Formation mechanism of aluminum hydroxide polymorphs Clays and Clay Minerals 41 590–597 10.1346/CCMN.1993.0410509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, W.Z. and Hsu, P.H., 1994 The nature of polynuclear OH-A1 complexes in laboratory-hydrolyzed and commercial hydroxyaluminum solutions. Clays and Clay Minerals 42 356–368 10.1346/CCMN.1994.0420313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar