Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2pzkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-13T15:16:49.968Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Clay Type on the Diffusional Properties of a Clay-Modified Electrode

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

Jennifer A. Stein  and
Alanah Fitch
Jennifer A. Stein
Affiliation:
Oil-Dri Corporation of America, 777 Forest Edge Dr. Mt. Vernon Hill, Illinois 60061
Alanah Fitch
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Loyola University of Chicago 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicago, Illinois 60626
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The response of two swelling clays (SWy-1 and SAz-1) and of one non-swelling clay (KGa-1) and of a series of mixtures of these clays to different electrolyte concentrations was examined using clay-modified electrode techniques. A non-interacting probe ion, Fe(CN)63−, was monitored via reduction for its arrival at a Pt electrode coated with thin films of the clay mixtures. The three clays had both different temporal responses and different equilibrium currents. For SWy-1 the currents were developed over time and were dependent upon the electrolyte of the bathing solution, which was consistent with X-ray diffraction data literature for the interlayer dimension. Similar behavior was found for SAz-1, but for KGa-1, currents were instantaneous and were independent of the bathing electrolyte. This suggests that the pores controlling the probe ion transport were between particle or pinhole in nature. When mixtures of the clays were examined, it was found that KGa-1 caused defects within the structures of the mixed clay films. The SWy-1 mixture was not as affected by these disruptions as was the SAz-1 mixture.

Keywords

Clay chargeClay-modified electrodesClay swelling
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , June 1996 , pp. 381 - 392
Copyright
Copyright © 1996, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brindley, G.W. and Sempels, R.E.. 1977. Preparation and properties of some hydroxy-aluminum beidellites. Clay Miner 23: 229–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diehl, H.. 1974. Quantitative analysis. Ames, IA: Oakland Street Science Press. p 397–398.Google Scholar
Fitch, A. and Du, J.. 1991. Diffusion layer in well-ordered clay-modified electrodes. J Electroanal Chem 319: 280–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, A., Du, J., Gan, H. and Stucki, J.W.. 1995. Effect of clay charge on swelling: A clay-modified electrode study. Clays & Clay Miner 43: 607–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitch, A. and Fausto, C.L.. 1988. Insulating properties of clay films towards Fe(CN)63– as affected by electrolyte concentration. J Electroanal Chem 257: 299–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, L.J., Greenfield, L.I., Damle, A.S., Kingsbury, G.L., Northeim, C.M. and Truesdale, R.S.. 1990. Clay liners for waste management facilities: Design, construction, and evaluation. New Jersey: Noyes Data Corporation. 36 p.Google Scholar
Hoh, Y.C., Peng, J.Y. and Hsia, Y.S.. 1992. Diffusion of iodide in compacted clays. J Nucl Sci Technol 29: 131–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.A. and Fitch, A.. 1990. Conductivity of clay-modified electrodes: Alkali metal cation hydration and film preparation effects. J Phys Chem 94: 4498–5004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magee, B.R., Lion, L.W. and Lemley, A.T.. 1991. Transport of dissolved organic macromolecules and their effect on the transport of phenanthrene in porous media. Environ Sci Technol 25: 323–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, A.C.D.. 1987. Chemistry of clays and clay minerals: Mineralogical Society Monograph 7. New York: John Wiley and Sons. p 11–12.Google Scholar
Norrish, K.. 1954. The swelling of montmorillonites. Faraday Soc Disc 18: 120–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olejnik, S., Posner, A.M. and Quirk, J.P.. 1974. Swelling of mont-morillonite in polar organic liquids. Clays & Clay Miner 22: 361–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oscarson, D.W., Hume, H.B., Sawatsky, N.G. and Cheung, S.C.H.. 1992. Diffusion of iodide in compacted bentonite. Soil Sci Soc Am J 56: 1400–1406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overcash, M.R., McPeters, A.L., Dougherty, E.J. and Carbonell, R.G.. 1991. Diffusion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in soil containing organic solvents. Environ Sci Technol 25: 1479–1485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quirk, J.P.. 1968. Particle interaction and soil swelling. Isr J Chem 6: 213–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowell, D.L.. 1954. Influence of positive charge on the inter-and intra-crystalline swelling of orientated aggregates of Na-montmorillonite in NaCl solutions. Soil Sci 100: 340–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, J.A. and Fitch, A.. 1995. Computerized system for dual electrode multi-sweep cyclic voltammetry: Its use in clay-modified electrode studies. Anal Chem 34: 1322–1325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stucki, J., Low, P.F., Roth, C.B. and Golden, D.C.. 1984. Effect of oxidation state of octahedral iron on clay swelling. Clays & Clay Miner 32: 357–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, P.G., Quirk, J.P. and Norrish, K.. 1991. Crystalline swelling of smectite samples in concentrated NaCl solutions in relation to layer charge. Clays & Clay Miner 39: 234–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Olphen, H.. 1977. Clay colloid cher istry: For clay technologists, geologists, and soil scientists, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons. p 59–62.Google Scholar
Wu, J., Low, P.F. and Roth, C.B.. 1989. Effects of octahedral iron reduction and swelling pressure on interlayer distances in Na-nontronite. Clays & Clay Miner 37: 211–218.Google Scholar