Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-17T18:11:13.318Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Determinative Role of the Exchange Cation and Layer-Charge Density of Smectite on Aflatoxin Adsorption

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Youjun Deng ,
Lian Liu ,
Ana Luisa Barrientos Velázquez  and
Joe B. Dixon
Youjun Deng*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 77843-2474, College Section, TX, USA
Lian Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 77843-2474, College Section, TX, USA
Ana Luisa Barrientos Velázquez
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 77843-2474, College Section, TX, USA
Joe B. Dixon
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 77843-2474, College Section, TX, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: yjd@tamu.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Using bentonites to adsorb aflatoxin is an effective method of minimizing the toxicity of aflatoxin to animals and humans. Early studies indicated a more than 10-fold difference in aflatoxin adsorption capacity among different bentonites. The determining mineralogical and chemical properties of the clays in aflatoxin adsorption are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that a bentonite’s selectivity and adsorption capacity for aflatoxin is mainly determined by the ‘size matching’ requirement, on a nm scale, between the non-polar interlayer surface domains and the aflatoxin molecules. The non-polar surface domain size of smectites was varied by (1) selecting smectites with different charge densities; and (2) changing the valence and the size of exchange cations to control the amount of water in the hydration shells of the cations. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were also used to characterize the aflatoxin-smectite complexes to investigate if layer-charge density would affect the bonding strength between aflatoxin and the minerals. A large aflatoxin adsorption capacity and high selectivity for aflatoxin were achieved by selecting smectites that had low charge density as represented by their <110 meq/100 g cation exchange capacity. An individual smectite’s selectivity and adsorption capacity for aflatoxin could be enhanced or weakened by replacing the exchange cation. When the smectite was saturated with divalent cations that have smaller hydrated radius (e.g. Ba2+), the smectite’s adsorption capacity and affinity for aflatoxin were enhanced. Aflatoxin entered the interlayer of all six smectites tested. The strength of its bonding to the smectites was not affected by the layer-charge density of the smectites. The results confirmed the importance of nm-scale polarity and size match between aflatoxin molecules and the adsorbing sites on smectite. The high selectivity for aflatoxin can be achieved by selecting a smectite with adequate charge density or by replacing the exchange cations with divalent cations that have low hydration energy.

Keywords

Adsorption CapacityAffinityAflatoxin B1Layer-charge DensityExchange CationSize MatchingSmectite
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 60 , Issue 4 , August 2012 , pp. 374 - 386
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdel-Wahhab, M.A. Hasan, A.M. Aly, S.E. and Mahrous, K.F., 2005 Adsorption of sterigmatocystin by montmorillonite and inhibition of its genotoxicity in the Nile tilapia fish (Oreachromis nilaticus) Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 582 20–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Afriyie-Gyawu, E. Ankrah, N.A. Huebner, H.J. Ofosuhene, M. Kumi, J. Johnson, N.M. Tang, L. Xu, L. Jolly, P.E. Ellis, W.O. Ofori-Adjei, D. Williams, J.H. Wang, J.S. and Phillips, T.D., 2008a NovaSil clay intervention in Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis. I. Study design and clinical outcomes Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment 25 76–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Afriyie-Gyawu, E. Wang, Z. Ankrah, N.A. Xu, L. Johnson, N.M. Tang, L. Guan, H. Huebner, H.J. Jolly, P.E. Ellis, W.O. Taylor, R. Brattin, B. Ofori-Adjei, D. Williams, J.H. Wang, J.S. and Phillips, T.D., 2008b NovaSil clay does not affect the concentrations of vitamins A and E and nutrient minerals in serum samples from Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment 25 872–884.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bailey, C.A. Latimer, G.W. Barr, A.C. Wigle, W.L. Haq, A.U. Balthrop, J.E. and Kubena, L.F., 2006 Efficacy of montmorillonite clay (NovaSil PLUS) for protecting fullterm broilers from aflatoxicosis Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15 198–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billes, F. Móricz, A.M. Tyihák, E. and Mikosch, H., 2006 Simulated vibrational spectra of aflatoxins and their demethylated products and the estimation of the energies of the demethylation reactions Spectrochimica Acta Part A — Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 64 600–622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaturvedi, V.B. and Singh, K.S., 2002 Detoxification of aflatoxin by adsorbents Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 72 924–927.Google Scholar
Chaturvedi, V.B. Singh, K.S. and Agnihotri, A.K., 2002 In vitro aflatoxin adsorption capacity of some indigenous aflatoxin adsorbents Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 72 257–260.Google Scholar
Colvin, B.M. Sangster, L.T. Haydon, K.D. Beaver, R.W. and Wilson, D.M., 1989 Effect of a high affinity aluminosilicate sorbent on prevention of aflatoxicosis in growing pigs Veterinary and Human Toxicology 31 46–48.Google ScholarPubMed
Deng, Y. and Szczerba, M., 2011 Computational evaluation of bonding between aflatoxin B1 and smectite Applied Clay Science 54 26–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deng, Y. Barrientos Velazquez, A.L. Billes, F. and Dixon, J.B., 2010 Bonding mechanisms between aflatoxin B1 and smectite Applied Clay Science 50 92–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desheng, Q. Fan, L. Yanhu, Y. and Niya, Z., 2005 Adsorption of aflatoxin B1 on montmorillonite Poultry Science 84 959–961.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dixon, J.B. Kannewischer, I. Tenorio Arvide, M.G. and Barrientos Velazquez, A.L., 2008 Aflatoxin sequestration in animal feeds by quality-labeled smectite clays: an introductory plan Applied Clay Science 40 201–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egawa, T. Watanabe, H. Fujimura, T. Ishida, Y. Yamato, M. Masui, D. Shimada, T. Tachibana, H. Yoshida, H. Inoue, H. and Takagi, S., 2011 Novel methodology to control the adsorption structure of cationic porphyrins on the clay surface using the “size-matching rule” Langmuir 27 10722–10729.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, R.W. Clements, M. Tibbetts, A. and Winfree, R., 2000 Reduction of the bioavailability of 20 mg/kg aflatoxin in trout feed containing clay Aquaculture 183 179–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, P.G. and Phillips, T.D., 1998 Isothermal adsorption of aflatoxin B1 on HSCAS clay Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46 599–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, P.G. Lemke, S.L. Dwyer, M.R. and Phillips, T.D., 1998 Modified Langmuir equation for S-shaped and multisite isotherm Langmuir 14 4292–4299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gu, B.G. Schmitt, J. Chen, Z. Llang, L. and McCarthy, J.F., 1994 Adsorption and desorption of natural organic matter on iron oxide: Mechanisms and models Environmental Science & Technology 28 38–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ishida, Y. Masui, D. Tachibana, H. Inoue, H. Shimada, T. and Takagi, S., 2012 Controlling the microadsorption structure of porphyrin dye assembly on clay surfaces using the “size-matching rule” for constructing an efficient energy transfer system ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 4 811–816.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kannewischer, I. Tenorio, A.M.G. White, G.N. and Dixon, J.B., 2006 Smectite clays as adsorbents of aflatoxin B1: Initial steps Clay Science 12 199–204.Google Scholar
Kubena, L.F. Harvey, R.B. Huff, W.E. and Corrier, D.E., 1990 Efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin Poultry Science 69 1078–1086.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kunze, G.W. Dixon, J.B., Klute, A., 1986 Pretreatment for mineralogy analysis Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1: Physical and Mineralogical Methods 2 Madison, Wisconsin, USA Soil Science Society of America, Inc. 91–100.Google Scholar
Laird, D.A. Barriuso, E. Dowdy, R.H. and Koskinen, W.C., 1992 Adsorption of atrazine on smectites Soil Science Society of America Journal 56 62–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindemann, M.D. Blodgett, D.J. Kornegay, E.T. and Schurig, G.G., 1993 Potential ameliorators of aflatoxicosis in weanling growing swine Journal of Animal Science 71 171–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, C. Li, H. Johnston, C.T. Boyd, S.A. and Teppen, B.J., 2012 Relating clay structural factors to dioxin adsorption by smectites: molecular dynamics simulations Soil Science Society of America Journal 76 110–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magnoli, A.P. Cabaglieri, L.R. Magnoli, C.E. Monge, J.C. Miazzo, R.D. Peralta, M.F. Salvano, M.A. Rosa, C.A.R. Dalcero, A.M. and Chiacchiera, S.M., 2008a Bentonite performance on broiler chickens fed with diets containing natural levels of aflatoxin B1 Revista Brasileira De Medicina Veterinaria 30 55–60.Google Scholar
Magnoli, A.P. Tallone, L. Rosa, C.A.R. Dalcero, A.M. Chiacchiera, S.M. and Torres Sanchez, R.M., 2008b Commercial bentonites as detoxifier of broiler feed contaminated with aflatoxin Applied Clay Science 40 63–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Márquez, R.N. and Hernandez, I.T.D., 1995 Aflatoxin adsorbent capacity of two Mexican aluminosilicates in experimentally contaminated chick diets Food Additives and Contaminants 1995 431–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masimango, N. Remacle, J. and Ramaut, J.L., 1978 The role of adsorption in the elimination of aflatoxin B1 from contaminated media European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 6 101–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masimango, N. Remacle, J. and Ramaut, J., 1979 Elimination of aflatoxin B1 from contaminated media by swollen clays Annales de la Nutrition et de l’Alimentation 33 137–1-47.Google Scholar
Mulder, I. Tenorio Arvide, M.G. White, G.N. and Dixon, J.B., 2008 Smectite clay sequestration of aflatoxin B1: Mineral dispersivity and morphology Clays and Clay Minerals 56 559–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira, T.R. Laird, D.A. Thompson, M.L. Johnston, C.T. Teppen, B.J. Li, H. and Boyd, S.A., 2008 Role of smectite quasicrystal dynamics in adsorption of dinitrophenol Soil Science Society of America Journal 72 347–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, T.D. Kubena, L.F. Harvey, R.B. Taylor, D.R. and Heidelbaugh, N.D., 1988 Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate: A high affinity sorbent for aflatoxin Poultry Science 67 243–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, T.D. Sarr, A.B. and Grant, P.G., 1995 Selective chemisorption and detoxification of aflatoxins by phyllosilicate clay Natural Toxins 3 204–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, T.D. Lemke, S.L. and Grant, P.G., 2002 Characterization of clay-based enterosorbents for the prevention of aflatoxicosis Mycotoxins and Food Safety. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 504 157–171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, T.D. Afriyie-Gyawu, E. Williams, J. Huebner, H. Ankrah, N.A. Ofori-Adjei, D. Jolly, P. Johnson, N. Taylor, J. Marroquin-Cardona, A. Xu, L. Tang, L. and Wang, J.S., 2008 Reducing human exposure to aflatoxin through the use of clay: A review Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment 25 134–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qi, D. Liu, F. Yu, Y. He, W. and Zhang, N., 2004 Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 contamination with montmorillonite Zhongguo Liangyou Xuebao 19 71–75.Google Scholar
Schulthess, C.P. and Dey, D.K., 1996 Estimation of Langmuir constants using linear and nonlinear least squares regression analyses Soil Science Society of America Journal 60 433–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheng, G. Johnston, C.T. Teppen, B.J. and Boyd, S.A., 2002 Adsorption of dinitrophenol herbicides from water by montmorillonites Clays and Clay Minerals 50 25–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, E.E. Phillips, T.D. Ellis, J.A. Harvey, R.B. Kubena, L.F. Thompson, J. and Newton, G., 1994 Dietary hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate reduction of aflatoxin M1 residue in dairy goat milk and effects on milk production and components Journal of Animal Science 72 677–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Su, C.-C. and Shen, Y.-H., 2009 Adsorption of poly(ethylene oxide) on smectite Effect of layer charge. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 332 11–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takagi, S. Eguchi, M. Tryk, D.A. and Inoue, H., 2006 Light-harvesting energy transfer and subsequent electron transfer of cationic porphyrin complexes on clay surfaces Langmuir 22 1406–1408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takagi, S. Konno, S. Ishida, Y. Ceklovsky, A. Masui, D. Shimada, T. Tachibana, H. and Inoue, H., 2010 A unique “flattening effect” of clay on the photochemical properties of metalloporphyrins Clay Science 14 235–239.Google Scholar
Takagi, S. Aratake, Y. Konno, S. Masui, D. Shimada, T. Tachibana, H. and Inoue, H., 2011 Effects of porphyrin structure on the complex formation behavior with clay Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 141 38–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahashi-Ando, N. Kimura, M. Kakeya, H. Osada, H. and Yamaguchi, I., 2002 A novel lactonohydrolase responsible for the detoxification of zearalenone: enzyme purification and gene cloning Biochemical Journal 365 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tenorio, A.M.G. Mulder, I. and Dixon, J.B., 2008 Smectite clay adsorption of aflatoxin vs octahedral composition as indicated by FTIR. Clays and Clay Minerals 56 571–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Soest, T.C. and Peerdeman, A.F., 1970 The crystal structures of aflatoxin B1. I. The structure of the chloroform solvate of aflatoxin B1 and the absolute configuration of aflatoxin B1 Acta Crystallographica B26 1940–1947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viani, A. Gualtieri, A.F. and Artioli, G., 2002 The nature of disorder in montmorillonite by simulation of X-ray powder patterns American Mineralogist 87 966–975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, P. Afriyie-Gyawu, E. Tang, Y. Johnson, N.M. Xu, L. Tang, L. Huebner, H.J. Ankrah, N.A. Ofori-Adjei, D. Ellis, W. Jolly, P.E. Williams, J.H. Wang, J.S. and Phillips, T.D., 2008 NovaSil clay intervention in Ghanaians at high risk for aflatoxicosis: II. Reduction in biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure in blood and urine Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment 25 622–634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed