Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-jwnkl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T06:32:21.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Determination of Adsorbed Na, K, Mg and Ca on Sediments Containing CaCO3 and MgCO3

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Colin Neal
Colin Neal*
Affiliation:
Institute of Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, U.K.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A method for the determination of the cations of Na, K, Mg and Ca adsorbed on clay minerals mixed with CaCO3 and MgCO3 is described. An ethanolic solution of LiCl-CsCl is used to displace the exchangeable cations. Blank determinations performed using either a second ethanolic leach or a second LiCl-CsCl leach, are used to correct for carbonate dissolution. Details of the methods development are given.

The method has been tested using mixtures of homoionic forms (Na, K, Mg, Ca) of smectite and kaolinite with either CaCO3 or MgCO3. The smectite and kaolinite were found to have total CECs (with standard deviations) of 765 (4.4) and 39.8 (0.52) mequiv kg−1, respectively. The amount of cation exchanged was found to vary directly with the proportion of clay mineral in the mixture; regression coefficients consistently greater than 0.997 were obtained.

Other tests with smectite-CaCO3 mixtures in sea-waters of various salinity vindicated the use of the method with heteroionic forms of smectite. These tests also suggest that the phenomenon of fixation observed in most other studies of clay minerals in estuarine conditions might be redundant. It is contended that there is an urgent need for this suggestion to be tested.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , August 1977 , pp. 253 - 258
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 1977

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Berner, R. A. (1971) Principles of Chemical Sedimentology. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Bischoff, J. L., Clancy, J. J. and Booth, J. S. (1975) Magnesium removal in reducing marine sediments by cation exchange: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 39(5), 559–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpena, O., Lax, A. and Vahtras, K. (1972) Determination of exchangeable cations in calcareous soils: Soil Sci. 113, 194–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, D. and Starkey, H. C. (1960) Effect of sea water on clay minerals: In Clays and Clay Minerals, 7th Natl Conf. (Edited by Swineford, A.) , pp. 80–101. Pergamon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Chapman, H. D. and Kelley, W. P. (1930) The determination of the replaceable bases and the base exchange capacity of soils: Soil Sci. 30, 391–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R. E. (1968) Clay Mineralogy, 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Hissink, H. D. (1923) Method for estimating adsorbed bases in soil, and the importance of these in soil economy: Soil Sci 15, 269–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, W. D. (1963) Diagenesis of clay minerals: Clays and Clay Minerals, Proc. 11th Natl cong., pp. 136–157. Pergamon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Roberson, H. E. (1974) Early diagenesis: expansible soil clay–sea water reactions: J. Sediment Petrol. 44(2), 441–449.Google Scholar
Russell, K. L. (1970) Geochemistry and halmyrolysis of clay minerals Rio Ameca, Mexico: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 893–907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayles, F. L. and Mangelsdorf, P. C. Jr. (1977) The equilibration of clay minerals in sea water: exchange reactions: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Contribution No. 3858. W.H.O.I., Woods Hole, Mass. U.S.A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slavin, W. (1968) Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interscience, New York.Google Scholar
Tucker, B. M. (1954) The determination of exchangeable calcium and magnesium in carbonate soils: Australian J. Agric. Res. 5, 706–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, B. M. (1971) Basic exchangeable cations in soils: C.S.I.R.O. Aust. Div. Soils Tech. Paper 8, 1–22.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. E. (1958) The effects and geological significance of potassium “fixation” by expandable clay minerals derived from muscovite, biotite, chlorite and volcanic material: Am. Miner. 43, 839–861.Google Scholar