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The Characterization Of CaCO3 in a Geothermal Environment: A Sem/Tem-Eels Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Jin-Wook Kim ,
Toshihiro Kogure ,
Kiho Yang ,
Sang-Tae Kim ,
Young-Nam Jang ,
Hion-Suck Baik  and
Gill Geesey
Jin-Wook Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
Toshihiro Kogure
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
Kiho Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
Sang-Tae Kim
Affiliation:
School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
Young-Nam Jang
Affiliation:
Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 305-350, Korea
Hion-Suck Baik
Affiliation:
Korea Basic Science Institute, 126-16, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
Gill Geesey
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3210, USA
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: jinwook@yonsei.ac.kr
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Abstract

Mineralization of microbial biomass is a common phenomenon in geothermal habitats, but knowledge of the structure of the minerals formed in these environments is limited. A combination of spectroscopic, microscopic, and stable isotopic methods, as well as the chemical analysis of spring water, were employed in the present study to characterize calcium carbonate minerals deposited in filamentous cyanobacterial mats in different locations of La Duke hot spring, a circumneutral thermal feature near the north entrance of Yellowstone National Park, Montana, USA. Calcite was the primary crystalline mineral phase associated with biofilm-containing deposits closest to the source of the spring and the suspended microbial biomass in a pool further from the source. The carbonate minerals at all sites occurred as aggregated granules, ~2 μm in diameter, in close association with the microbial biomass. Only in the deposits closest to the source were the granules organized as laminated structures interspersed with microbial biomass. The calcium carbonate grains contained two distinct regions: a dense monolithic calcite core and a porous dendritic periphery containing organic matter (OM). Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) indicated that the voids were infilled with OM and carbonates. The EELS technique was employed to distinguish the source of carbon in the organic matter and carbonate mixture. The studies of carbon isotope compositions of the calcium carbonates and the saturation indices for calcite in the spring waters suggest that processes (abiotic vs. biotic) controlling the carbonate formation may vary among the sampling sites.

Keywords

Calcium Carbonate PrecipitateCarbon IsotopeCyanobacterial MatElectron Energy Loss SpectroscopyFocused Ion BeamTransmission Electron Microscopy
Type
Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 60 , Issue 5 , October 2012 , pp. 484 - 495
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2012

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