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Atomic force microscopy study of montmorillonite dissolution under highly alkaline conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Shingo Yokoyama ,
Masato Kuroda  and
Tsutomu Sato
Shingo Yokoyama
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
Masato Kuroda
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
Tsutomu Sato*
Affiliation:
Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: tomsato@earth.s.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

Montmorillonite dissolution under highly alkaline conditions (pH = 13.3; I = 0.3 M) was investigated by bulk dissolution methods and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). In bulk dissolution experiments, initial SiO2 concentrations were high, and a steady state was reached after 136 h. The dissolution rates derived from the edge surface area (ESA) at the steady-state condition at 30, 50 and 70°C were 3.39 x 10−12, 1.75 × 10−11 and 5.81 × 10−11 mol/m2 s, respectively. The AFM observations were conducted under three conditions: (Run I) short-term in situ batch dissolution at RT; (Run II) long-term in situ flow-through dissolution at RT; and (Run III) long-term batch dissolution at 50°C. The observed reductions in montmorillonite particle volume for Runs I and II were due primarily to edge-surface dissolution. The ESA-based dissolution rate for Run I (10−9 mol/m2 s) was three orders of magnitude faster than that for Run II (10−12 mol/m2 s). The rate obtained for Run II corresponded to the rate at the steady-state conditions in the bulk dissolution experiments. A small number of etch pits developed in Run III slightly increased the ESA of montmorillonite since most of the montmorillonite particles were separated into monolayers lacking three-dimensional periodicity. The ESA-based dissolution rate for Run III was 2.26 × 10−11 mol/m2 s. Dissolution rates based on long-term AFM observations could be directly compared with steady-state rates obtained from bulk dissolution experiments. The AFM observations indicated that dissolution occurred at edge surfaces; therefore, the ESA should be used to calculate the dissolution rate for montmorillonite under alkaline conditions. Dissolution rates of individual particles with different morphologies estimated by AFM were similar to rates estimated from bulk dissolution experiments.

Keywords

Alkaline ConditionsAtomic Force MicroscopyDissolution RateMontmorilloniteReactive Surface Area
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 53 , Issue 2 , April 2005 , pp. 147 - 154
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 2005

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