Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vsgnj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T18:55:35.890Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Clay Mineralogy in Relation to Deltaic Sedimentation Patterns of Desmoinesian Cyclothems in Iowa-Missouri

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

L. F. Brown Jr. ,
S. W. Bailey ,
L. M. Cline  and
Judith S. Lister
L. F. Brown Jr.
Affiliation:
Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A.
S. W. Bailey
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.
L. M. Cline
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A.
Judith S. Lister
Affiliation:
Arroyo Seco, NM 87514, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Almost four decades of study of Desmoinesian strata of Middle Pennsylvanian age in south-central Iowa and north-central Missouri have provided the stratigraphic control required to test the variation of clay mineralogy vertically and laterally within various paralic clay and shale facies. Local and regional variations in clay mineralogy within Desmoinesian strata are generally predictable and are in agreement with current knowledge of deltaic deposition. A principal environmental variation within a deltaic system is the change from normal marine salinities in deltaic marine environments to brackish- and fresh-water conditions in the marshy delta plains, in upper interdistributary bays, and within flanking interdeltaic embayments. Changes from marine to nonmarine facies coincide with a decrease in illite, and an increase in kaolin, mixed-layer clays, and in the percentage of expansible layers in the mixed-layer clay. The principal clay detritus entering the area was illite, which underwent various degrees of alteration in different aqueous and subaerial environments within deltaic and interdeltaic areas. Clay-mineral composition alone does not provide unique environmental answers. The distribution of clay-mineral suites within these systems, however, both supports the deltaic-interdeltaic depositional model and can be understood within the context of this framework.

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , June 1977 , pp. 171 - 186
Copyright
Copyright © Clay Minerals Society 1977

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Deceased.

References

Bailey, S. W., Hurley, P. M., Fairbairn, H. W. and Pinson, W. H. Jr. (1962) K–Ar dating of sedimentary illite polytypes: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 73, 1167–1170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradley, W. F. (1945) Diagnostic criteria for clay minerals: Am. Miner. 30, 704–713.Google Scholar
Brown, L. F. Jr. (1969) Virgil and Lower Wolfcamp repetitive environments and the depositional model, northcentral Texas. Cyclic sedimentation in the Permian Basin: West Texas Geol. Soc. Pub. 69–56, 115–134.Google Scholar
Cline, L. M. (1938) Sixth Annual Tri-State Field Conference, Madison, Dallas, Guthrie, and Polk Counties, Iowa: Iowa State College, 23.Google Scholar
Cline, L. M. (1941) Traverse of upper Des Moines and lower Missouri series from Jackson County, Missouri, to Appanoose County, Iowa: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull. 25, 23–72.Google Scholar
Cline, L. M. and Greene, F. C. (1950) A stratigraphic study of the upper Marmaton and lowermost Pleasanton groups, Pennsylvanian, of Missouri: Missouri Div. Geol. Survey and Water Res., Rept. Inv. 12, 74.Google Scholar
Coleman, J. M. (1966) Recent coastal sedimentation–central Louisiana coast: Louisiana State Univ., Coastal Studies Inst. Ser. 17, 73.Google Scholar
Frazier, D. E. (1967) Recent deltaic deposits of the Mississippi River—their development and chronology: Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Socs. Trans. 17, 287–315.Google Scholar
Greene, F. C. (1914) The coal resources of a part of northeastern Missouri: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 541, 223–242.Google Scholar
Jackson, M. L. (1956) Soil Chemical Analysis–Advanced Course: Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, Dept. of Soils, 991.Google Scholar
Jewett, J. M. (1941) Classification of the Marmaton group, Pennsylvanian, in Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 38, 285–344.Google Scholar
Jewett, J. M. (1945) Stratigraphy of the Marmaton group, Pennsylvanian, in Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 58, 148.Google Scholar
Laury, R. L. (1968) Sedimentology of the Pleasantview Sandstone, southern Iowa and western Illinois: J. Sed. Petrology 38, 568–599.Google Scholar
MacEwan, D. M. C., Amil, A. Ruiz and Brown, G. (1961) Interstratified clay minerals, 11 (edited by Brown, G.) , The X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals: Mineralog. Soc., London, 2nd Edition, pp. 393–445.Google Scholar
McGowen, J. H. (1968) Utilization of depositional models in exploration for nonmetallic minerals, Forum on geology of industrial minerals: 4th Proc. vol., Univ. Texas, Bur. Econ. Geology, 157–174.Google Scholar
Moore, D. (1959) Role of deltas in the formation of some British lower Carboniferous cyclothems: J. Geology 67, 522–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, R. C. (1936) Stratigraphic classification of the Pennsylvanian rocks of Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 22, 256.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C. (1948) Classification of Pennsylvanian rocks in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and northern Oklahoma: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull. 32, 2011–2040.Google Scholar
Mossman, M. H., Freas, D. H. and Bailey, S. W. (1967) Orienting internal standard method for clay mineral X-ray analysis: Clays and Clay Minerals 15, 441–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, D. K. and Truog, E. (1952) Lime requirement determination of soils: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 16, 41–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potter, P. E. and Glass, H. D. (1958) Petrology and sedimentation of the Pennsylvanian sediments in southern Illinois: a vertical profile: Illinois Geol. Survey, Rep. Inv. 204, 60.Google Scholar
Potter, P. E. and Pryor, W. A. (1961) Dispersal centers of Paleozoic and later elastics of the upper Mississippi Valley and adjacent areas: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 72, 1195–1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wanless, H. R. (1964) Local and regional factors in Pennsylvanian cyclic sedimentation, Symposium on cyclic sedimentation: Kansas Geol. Survey Bull. 169, 593–606.Google Scholar
Wanless, H. R. (1969) Eustatic shifts in sea level during deposition of late Paleozoic sediments in the central United States. Cyclic sedimentation in the Permian Basin: West Texas Geol. Soc. Pub. 69–56, 41–54.Google Scholar
Wanless, H. R., Baroffio, J. R., Gamble, J. C., Horne, J. C. Orlopp, D. R., Rocha-Campos, A., Souter, J. E., Trescott, P. C., Vail, R. S. and Wright, C. R. (1970) Late Paleozoic deltas in the central and eastern United States, Deltaic sedimentation, modern and ancient: Soc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists Spec. Pub. 15, 215–245.Google Scholar
Wanless, H. R., Baroffio, J. R., and Trescott, P. C. (1969) Conditions of deposition of Pennsylvanian coal beds, Environments of coal deposition: Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Paper 114, 105–142.Google Scholar
Wanless, H. R., Tubb, J. B. Jr., Gednetz, D. E. and Weiner, J. L. (1963) Mapping sedimentary environments of Pennsylvanian cycles: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 74, 437–486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, C. E. (1958) The effects and geologic significance of potassium “fixation” by expandable clay minerals derived from muscovite, biotite, chlorite, and volcanic material: Am. Miner. 43, 839–861.Google Scholar
Weller, J. M. (1930) Cyclical sedimentation of the Pennsylvanian period and its significance: J. Geology 38, 97–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weller, J. M., Wanless, H. R., Cline, L. M. and Stookey, D. G. (1942) Interbasin Pennsylvanian correlations, Illinois and Iowa: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull 26, 1585–1593.Google Scholar